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During the past few decades, plasma science has witnessed a great growth in laboratory studies, in simulations, and in space. Plasma is the most common phase of ordinary matter in the universe. It is a state in which ionized matter (even as low as 1%) becomes highly electrically conductive. As such, long-range electric and magnetic fields dominate its behavior. Cosmic plasmas are mostly associated with stars, supernovae, pulsars and neutron stars, quasars and active galaxies at the vicinities of black holes (i.e., their jets and accretion disks). Cosmic plasma phenomena can be studied with different methods, such as laboratory experiments, astrophysical observations, and theoretical/computational approaches (i.e., MHD, particle-in-cell simulations, etc.). They exhibit a multitude of complex magnetohydrodynamic behaviors, acceleration, radiation, turbulence, and various instability phenomena. This Special Issue addresses the growing need of the plasma science principles in astrophysics and presents our current understanding of the physics of astrophysical plasmas, their electromagnetic behaviors and properties (e.g., shocks, waves, turbulence, instabilities, collimation, acceleration and radiation), both microscopically and macroscopically. This Special Issue provides a series of state-of-the-art reviews from international experts in the field of cosmic plasmas and electromagnetic phenomena using theoretical approaches, astrophysical observations, laboratory experiments, and state-of-the-art simulation studies.

cosmic ray knee and ankle --- blazars --- numerical methods --- global jets --- MHD–accretion --- muti-messenger astronomy --- massive star supernovae --- galaxies: active --- TBD --- 26Al --- black holes --- accreting black holes --- particle-in-cell simulations --- kink-like instability --- laser-induced nuclear reactions --- magnetic fields --- magneto-hydrodynamics --- gamma-ray bursts --- active galactic nuclei --- accretion discs–jets --- numerical relativity --- plasma physics --- GRMHD --- high-power laser systems --- radio interferometry --- recollimation shocks --- effective lifetime --- multi-wavelength astronomy --- relativistic jets --- high energy astrophysics --- jets --- active galaxies --- relativistic astrophysics --- helical magnetic fields --- laser plasma --- X-ray binaries --- polarization --- the Weibel instability --- AGN --- neutrino astrophysics --- radiation mechanism: non-thermal --- nuclear astrophysics --- cosmic rays --- mushroom instability --- accretion disks --- MHD winds

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Accretion-ejection around compact objects, mainly around black holes, both in low mass, supermassive, and intermediate-mass, are rich and has been studied exhaustively. However, the subject is expanding and growing rapidly after the launch of different space-based satellites and ground-based telescopes in multiwavelength bands, leaving a range of questions on accretion and ejection mechanisms. The proper understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for observational evidence is still lacking for several reasons. With the advent of high-resolution satellite observations, it is possible to look at the problems globally as a complete package in a more consistent way. Recently, many new low mass black hole candidates have been discovered; however, very little is known about those systems, e.g., mass, spin parameter, and orbital period. The study in the spectro-temporal domain also needs proper understanding of spectral state change, quasi-periodic oscillation frequency evolution, hardness intensity diagram, and line emissions. The goal and motivation of this book are to focus on top-quality original works in the above-mentioned context, with important research facts that are written in a highly understandable way, from a theoretical, observational, and numerical simulation ground.This book is a collection of high-quality research work, which will give a compact and concise description of the overall view of the subject.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- Astronomy, space & time --- black hole physics --- rotating black holes --- relativistic jets --- active galactic nuclei --- supermassive black holes --- radio galaxies --- galaxies: active --- galaxies: jets --- galaxies: nuclei --- radiative transfer --- Seyfert 1 objects: individual: Mrk 335 --- X-Rays:binaries—stars individual: (XTE J1908+094)—stars:black holes—accretion --- accretion disks—shock waves—radiation:dynamics --- X-rays: binaries—stars individual: (V404 Cygni)—stars:black holes—accretion --- isofrequency --- geodesic orbits --- black string --- black hole evolution --- supermassive black hole --- accretion of matter --- galaxies: evolution --- galaxies --- active --- galaxies–quasars --- individual (Ton 599) --- BL lacertae objects --- OJ 287 --- accretion discs --- gravitational waves --- jets --- blazars --- X-rays --- synchrotron emission --- inverse-Compton emission --- optical spectroscopy --- ionized gas --- broad line region --- n/a --- X-Rays:binaries-stars individual: (XTE J1908+094)-stars:black holes-accretion --- accretion disks-shock waves-radiation:dynamics --- X-rays: binaries-stars individual: (V404 Cygni)-stars:black holes-accretion --- galaxies-quasars