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Książka zawiera nowatorskie spojrzenie na problematykę smaku gorzkiego przede wszystkim w żywności, ale także w produktach farmaceutycznych, suplementach diety i kosmetykach. Opracowanie popularyzuje prozdrowotne cechy zawartych w nich substancji goryczkowych. Autor wnikliwie charakteryzuje problematykę złożoności postrzegania smaku gorzkiego w wielu produktach rynkowych, z którymi styka się współczesny konsument. Publikacja streszcza aktualną wiedzę z wielu dziedzin badających percepcję smakową u ludzi oraz jej znaczenie w żywności i żywieniu. Istotną częścią opracowania jest charakterystyka segmentu rynku produkcji i konsumpcji żywności zróżnicowanej pod względem zawartości gorzkich komponentów. Autor wskazuje na dużą dynamikę tego rynku i dobre perspektywy jego rozwoju. Praca zawiera również oryginalny zbiór technik sensorycznych stosowanych w badaniach smaku gorzkiego. Nowym i unikatowym rozwiązaniem, jakie proponuje autor, jest aplikacja tzw. prostego i wielopunktowego modelu farmakoforowego (Simple Pharmacophore Model - SPM, i Multipoint Pharmacophore Model - MPM) własnej konstrukcji do prognozowania gorzkiej aktywności smakowej ingredientów pożywienia. Zastosowanie proponowanych przez autora rozwiązań obejmujących informatyczne sterowanie jakością pożywienia niesie ze sobą perspektywę tworzenia smacznej, bezpiecznej dla konsumentów i w pełni funkcjonalnej żywności. Perspektywa ta staje się bardzo atrakcyjna, szczególnie w dobie nadmiernej suplementacji, chemizacji oraz modyfikacji żywności.

Food --- Bitterness (Taste) --- Quality.

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Cichorium intybus --- Extraction --- identification. --- identification --- Analytical methods --- Glycosides --- Enzymes --- Organoleptic properties --- Lactones --- Inulin --- Bitterness --- Lactone sesquiterpene --- Liquefaction enzymatique --- Lactone sesquiterpene --- Liquefaction enzymatique

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Lignans are a class of natural products found mainly in plants. They have a wide variety of structures and exhibit a range of potent biological activities. Lignans are also well-known components of a number of widely eaten foods and are frequently studied for their dietary impact. Owing to these factors, lignans have been extensively studied by scientists from a large number of disciplines. This collection of research and review articles describes topics ranging in scope from the recent isolation and structural elucidation of new lignans, strategies towards the chemical synthesis of lignans, assessment of their biological activities and potential for further therapeutic development. Research showing the impact of lignans in the food and agricultural industries is also presented.

taste-active compound --- heilaohu --- 9-norlignans --- antioxidant activity --- drug-like --- human health --- chemometrics --- lignan --- bitterness --- red-flowered Chinese magnolia vine --- antioxidant --- ruminant --- secoisolariciresinol diglucoside --- quantification --- intermolecular interactions --- cattle --- anti-inflammatory activity --- acyl-Claisen --- LOX --- seed --- food groups --- microtubules --- anti-proliferative --- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors --- flax --- arylnaphthalene lignan --- epiboly --- aryldihydronaphthalene lignan --- multiple bioactive components --- enterolignan --- total synthesis --- genetic --- synthesis --- cultivated --- cell cycle --- chronic diseases --- national databases --- oxidation --- chemical components --- molecular dynamics --- COX --- lignans --- hydroxycinnamic acid --- chemical structures --- Chinese magnolia vine --- stereoselective synthesis --- sPLA2 --- Bursera fagaroides --- in silico studies --- antibacterial activity --- semisynthesis --- dibenzyl butyrolactones --- flavonoid glycoside --- lignan glycoside --- chemical characterization --- hydroxymatairesinol --- podophyllotoxin --- Lespedeza cuneata --- Bursera --- oak ageing --- Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus --- F-actin --- cultivar --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- bioactivity --- podophyllotoxin-type lignans --- harmonized databases --- graph theory --- antioxidants --- health promotion --- simultaneous quantitation --- natural products --- dietary intake --- cell migration --- Lignan --- chemical space --- diet --- Lauraceae --- pharmacokinetic --- cytotoxicity --- tujia ethnomedicine --- flavonolignans --- flavonol --- adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation --- Burseraceae --- environment --- dietary lignans --- phytochemical analysis --- Schisandra chinensis --- animal health --- neolignans --- Schisandra rubriflora --- cancer --- norlignans --- wild

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Written by experts in the field of table olives, this book is a source of recent research advances on the characterization and processing of table olives. Research papers are provided relating to the characterization of their composition of volatiles and the sensory profile; mineral composition and bioavailability; changes in bioactive components (chlorophylls) by processing; and new strategies to reduce sodium and additives for stabilizing the organoleptic properties and avoiding defects in table olives. Other research papers are included in relation to microbiological and chemical changes in table olives during spontaneous or controlled fermentation employing different cultivars, and the optimized use of starter cultures for the improvement of the different fermentative processes. In addition, this book includes an overview of the main technologies used for olive fermentation, including the role of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts characterizing this process, and of the processing and storage effects on the nutritional and sensory properties of table olives.

table olives --- starter cultures --- GC-MC analysis --- volatile composition --- bitterness --- consumer willingness to pay --- descriptive sensory analysis --- green-olive flavor --- “Manzanilla” cultivar --- pit hardening --- regulated deficit irrigation --- panel performance --- panelist --- black ripe table olives --- sensory descriptors --- sensory profile --- fermentation --- microbiological changes --- organoleptic --- physicochemical --- Clostridium --- logistic regression --- acid-adapted strains --- predictive models --- fermented vegetables --- undefined biodiverse starters --- autochtonous cultures --- lactic acid bacteria --- Lactobacillus pentosus --- Tonda di Cagliari --- table olive --- phenolic compounds --- oleuropein --- LAB --- yeasts --- fermented food --- probiotic table olives --- non-dairy probiotics --- sodium --- potassium --- calcium --- magnesium --- iron --- phosphorus --- darkened by oxidation olives --- Miller’s protocol --- Crews’ protocol --- post-digest re-extraction --- minerals --- sea salt --- PGI --- iodized salt --- functional food --- composition --- nutritional properties --- polyphenols --- sensory analysis --- chlorophyll --- pigments --- allomerization --- alkaline treatment --- phytyl-chlorin --- phytyl-rhodin --- Bella di Cerignola --- brines --- microbiological quality --- user-friendly spreadsheet --- producers --- bioaccessibility --- mineral nutrients --- pigment composition

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The sensation of flavor reflects the complex integration of aroma, taste, texture, and chemesthetic (oral and nasal irritation cues) from a food or food component. Flavor is a major determinant of food palatability—the extent to which a food is accepted or rejected—and can profoundly influence diet selection, nutrition, and health. Despite recent progress, gaps in knowledge still remain regarding how taste and flavor cues are detected at the periphery, conveyed by the brainstem to higher cortical levels, and then interpreted as a conscious sensation. Taste signals are also projected to central feeding centers where they can regulate hunger and fullness. Individual differences in sensory perceptions are also well known and can arise from genetic variation, environmental causes, or a variety of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Genetic taste/smell variation could predispose individuals to these same diseases. Recent findings have opened new avenues of inquiry, suggesting that fatty acids and carbohydrates may provide nutrient-specific signals informing the gut and brain of the nature of the ingested nutrients. This Special Issue, Taste, Nutrition, and Health, presents original research communications and comprehensive reviews on topics of broad interest to researchers and educators in sensory science, nutrition, physiology, public health, and health care.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- acceptability --- food development --- sensory attributes --- CATA --- dietotherapy --- aromas --- linoleic acid --- gustation --- hedonic --- BDNF --- fat taste --- c-Fos --- Zif-268 --- Glut-1 --- sweeteners --- sugar reduction --- psychophysical dose-response --- sweetness growth rate --- sweetness potency --- cross-cultural --- food liking --- sensory --- questionnaire --- fMRI --- caffeine --- taste --- memory --- sensory evaluation --- tea --- EGCG --- hedonics --- sweet taste --- psychophysics --- nutrition --- diet --- threshold --- intensity --- liking --- sweetness --- taste test --- individual differences --- classification method --- taste perception --- umami --- carbohydrate --- sweet --- salt --- bitter --- physical activity --- basic tastes --- taste reception --- smell --- dysgeusia --- burning sensation --- halitosis --- saliva --- caries --- primary Sjögren's syndrome --- non-SS sicca syndrome --- sweet liking --- fat liking --- e-cigarettes --- body mass index --- dietary behaviors --- tobacco --- cigarettes --- chronic smoking --- electrophysiological recording from human tongue --- fat perception --- CD36 --- PROP tasting --- grapefruit --- consumer --- naringin --- aroma --- color --- satiety --- tastants --- food intake --- intraduodenal infusion --- intraileal infusion --- overweight --- weight management --- Obesity --- eating behavior --- prebiotics --- microbiota --- sex differences --- biopsychosocial --- children --- brain imaging --- smell sensitivity --- olfaction --- staircase --- QUEST --- choice --- familiarity --- PROP --- food neophobia --- sensitivity to disgust --- sensitivity to punishment --- vegetables --- caffeinated beverages --- bitterness --- astringency --- taste preference questionnaire --- validation --- European children --- adolescents --- adults --- genetics --- food preferences --- heritability --- candidate gene --- GWAS --- adiposity --- polygenic risk score --- acceptability --- food development --- sensory attributes --- CATA --- dietotherapy --- aromas --- linoleic acid --- gustation --- hedonic --- BDNF --- fat taste --- c-Fos --- Zif-268 --- Glut-1 --- sweeteners --- sugar reduction --- psychophysical dose-response --- sweetness growth rate --- sweetness potency --- cross-cultural --- food liking --- sensory --- questionnaire --- fMRI --- caffeine --- taste --- memory --- sensory evaluation --- tea --- EGCG --- hedonics --- sweet taste --- psychophysics --- nutrition --- diet --- threshold --- intensity --- liking --- sweetness --- taste test --- individual differences --- classification method --- taste perception --- umami --- carbohydrate --- sweet --- salt --- bitter --- physical activity --- basic tastes --- taste reception --- smell --- dysgeusia --- burning sensation --- halitosis --- saliva --- caries --- primary Sjögren's syndrome --- non-SS sicca syndrome --- sweet liking --- fat liking --- e-cigarettes --- body mass index --- dietary behaviors --- tobacco --- cigarettes --- chronic smoking --- electrophysiological recording from human tongue --- fat perception --- CD36 --- PROP tasting --- grapefruit --- consumer --- naringin --- aroma --- color --- satiety --- tastants --- food intake --- intraduodenal infusion --- intraileal infusion --- overweight --- weight management --- Obesity --- eating behavior --- prebiotics --- microbiota --- sex differences --- biopsychosocial --- children --- brain imaging --- smell sensitivity --- olfaction --- staircase --- QUEST --- choice --- familiarity --- PROP --- food neophobia --- sensitivity to disgust --- sensitivity to punishment --- vegetables --- caffeinated beverages --- bitterness --- astringency --- taste preference questionnaire --- validation --- European children --- adolescents --- adults --- genetics --- food preferences --- heritability --- candidate gene --- GWAS --- adiposity --- polygenic risk score