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Over the last decades, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an essential player in redox signalling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also act as signals throughout all stages of plant life. Because they are potentially harmful for cellular integrity, ROS and NO levels must be tightly controlled, especially by the classical antioxidant system and additional redox-active metabolites and proteins. Recent work provided evidence that NO and ROS influence each other’s biosynthesis and removal. Moreover, novel signalling molecules resulting from the chemical reaction between NO, ROS and plant metabolites have been highlighted, including N2O3, ONOO-, NO2, S-nitrosoglutathione and 8-NO2 cGMP. They are involved in diverse plant physiological processes, the best characterized being stomata regulation and stress defense. Taken together, these new data demonstrate the complex interactions between NO, ROS signalling and the antioxidant system. This Frontiers in Plant Science Research Topic aims to provide an updated and complete overview of this important and rapidly expanding area through original article and detailed reviews.

plant development --- Reactive Oxygen Species --- plant defense --- antioxidant system --- Nitric Oxide --- Biotic and abiotic stress --- signalling

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Silicon (Si) is gaining increased attention in the farming sector because of its beneficial effects observed in several crop species, particularly under stress conditions. The magnitude of benefits is predominantly observed in plant species that can accumulate Si above a certain threshold. Therefore, deciphering the molecular mechanisms and genetic factors conferring a plant ability to take up silicon is necessary. Along these lines, several efforts have been made to identify the specific genes regulating Si uptake and distribution in plant tissues. This information finds its usefulness in identifying Si-competent species, and could eventually lead to improving this ability in low-accumulating species. The successful exploitation of Si in agriculture depends highly on the understanding of different Si properties including plant-available Si from the soil, transport within tissues, deposition in planta, and Si effect on different metabolic and physiological processes. In addition, a better comprehension of external factors influencing Si uptake and deposition in plant tissue remains important. A plant can take up Si efficiently only in the form of silicic acid and most soils, despite containing high concentrations of Si, are deficient in plant-available Si. Consequently, soil amendment with fertilizers rich in plant-available Si is now viewed as an affordable option to protect plants from the biotic and abiotic stresses and achieve more sustainable cropping management worldwide. Articles compiled in the present research topic touch upon several aspects of Si properties and functionality in plants. The information will be helpful to further our understanding of the role of Si and contribute to exploit the benefits plants derive from it.

protein structure --- silicon uptake mechanism --- transcriptome --- biotic and abiotic stress --- transporter proteins --- silicon fertilization --- plant resilience --- Omics approaches --- protein structure --- silicon uptake mechanism --- transcriptome --- biotic and abiotic stress --- transporter proteins --- silicon fertilization --- plant resilience --- Omics approaches

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Silicon (Si) is gaining increased attention in the farming sector because of its beneficial effects observed in several crop species, particularly under stress conditions. The magnitude of benefits is predominantly observed in plant species that can accumulate Si above a certain threshold. Therefore, deciphering the molecular mechanisms and genetic factors conferring a plant ability to take up silicon is necessary. Along these lines, several efforts have been made to identify the specific genes regulating Si uptake and distribution in plant tissues. This information finds its usefulness in identifying Si-competent species, and could eventually lead to improving this ability in low-accumulating species. The successful exploitation of Si in agriculture depends highly on the understanding of different Si properties including plant-available Si from the soil, transport within tissues, deposition in planta, and Si effect on different metabolic and physiological processes. In addition, a better comprehension of external factors influencing Si uptake and deposition in plant tissue remains important. A plant can take up Si efficiently only in the form of silicic acid and most soils, despite containing high concentrations of Si, are deficient in plant-available Si. Consequently, soil amendment with fertilizers rich in plant-available Si is now viewed as an affordable option to protect plants from the biotic and abiotic stresses and achieve more sustainable cropping management worldwide. Articles compiled in the present research topic touch upon several aspects of Si properties and functionality in plants. The information will be helpful to further our understanding of the role of Si and contribute to exploit the benefits plants derive from it.

protein structure --- silicon uptake mechanism --- transcriptome --- biotic and abiotic stress --- transporter proteins --- silicon fertilization --- plant resilience --- Omics approaches

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Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are groups of rhizosphere microorganisms capable of colonizing the root environment. Some of the microbes that inhabit this zone are bacteria and fungi that are capable of efficiently colonizing roots and rhizosphere soil. These microorganisms can be used as biofertilizers for improving agricultural production even under stressful environmental conditions. In contrast to PGPM, plant growth regulators (PGR) are chemical compounds that significantly affect the growth and differentiation of plant cells and tissues. They function as chemical messengers for intercellular communication and play a vital role in plant signaling networks as they are involved in the plant developmental process and a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress responses. The application of PGPM and plant growth regulators/hormones or the synthesis of PGR and signal transduction, perception, and cross-talk creates a complex network that plays an essential role in the regulation of plant physiological processes. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of PGPM and PGR and their roles in plant growth and development, interaction and independence in their action, and hormonal crosstalk under stresses is essential for agricultural production and research. Therefore, this book has contributions in the form of research and review papers from eminent scientists worldwide and discusses the role of PGPM and PGR in agriculture production and research, their potentials as biocontrol agents, their effects on physicochemical properties of soil, innovation for sustainable agriculture, their role in seed transplanting, and their role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses.

Research & information: general --- Paecilomyces --- PGPF --- tomato --- pepper --- plant probiotic microorganisms --- Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) --- Solanum lycopersicum L. --- secondary metabolites --- plant insect interactions --- seaweed extract --- phytohormone profiling --- fertilizers --- antioxidant --- plant growth regulators --- brown seaweed --- green algae --- abiotic stresses --- cell membrane stability --- climate change --- osmolytes --- polyamines --- bacterial community composition --- liquid food waste materials (LFM) --- plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) --- plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits --- salinity --- PGPR --- wheat --- compatible solutes --- antioxidant enzymes --- Trichoderma --- plant growth promotion --- biostimulant --- aridity --- Bacillus sp. --- biochar --- nutrient availability --- organic matter --- soil health --- mVOCs --- Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria --- Mentha piperita --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 --- salt stress --- MDA --- DPPH --- Bradyrhizobium japonicum --- Pseudomonas putida --- plant growth --- plant nutrients --- soil enzymes --- soil nutrients --- soybean --- sweet pepper --- Bacillus --- chitosan --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- fruit yield --- plant growth promoting microorganisms --- abiotic stress --- biotic stress --- flavonoids --- biotic and abiotic stress --- symbiosis --- signaling --- rhizobium --- AMF --- allelopathy --- biocontrol Aspergillus japonicus --- root-knot nematode --- fermentation filtrate --- biological control --- seed germination --- α-Tocopherol --- antioxidants --- drought --- nutrient dynamics --- tissue specific response --- deep N fertilization --- peroxidase activity --- catalase activity --- rice cultivation --- ABA biosynthesis --- drought stress --- gene expression --- signaling network --- transporters --- Zea mays L. --- environmental stresses --- endophytic bacteria --- plant growth promoting ability --- chromium --- Staphylococcus aureus --- oxidative stress --- available phosphorus --- enriched compost --- poultry litter --- rock phosphate --- pear trees --- PGR --- sustainable development --- crop nutrition --- fertiliser --- Timac Agro Italia --- allelopathic bacteria --- antimetabolites --- phytotoxic metabolites --- rhizobacteria --- weed invasion --- anthocyanins --- color --- fruit size --- phenolics --- Punica granatum --- PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms) --- tee tree oil --- plant biostimulants --- soil-borne phytopathogens --- antagonistic fungi --- biocontrol --- biotic effect --- crop production --- RIDER --- drylands --- water conservation --- biomass reduction --- cereal crops --- growth regulators --- metal stress --- sugar beet --- nitrogen fertilizer --- gibberellic acid --- TSS --- sugar yield --- Paecilomyces --- PGPF --- tomato --- pepper --- plant probiotic microorganisms --- Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) --- Solanum lycopersicum L. --- secondary metabolites --- plant insect interactions --- seaweed extract --- phytohormone profiling --- fertilizers --- antioxidant --- plant growth regulators --- brown seaweed --- green algae --- abiotic stresses --- cell membrane stability --- climate change --- osmolytes --- polyamines --- bacterial community composition --- liquid food waste materials (LFM) --- plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) --- plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits --- salinity --- PGPR --- wheat --- compatible solutes --- antioxidant enzymes --- Trichoderma --- plant growth promotion --- biostimulant --- aridity --- Bacillus sp. --- biochar --- nutrient availability --- organic matter --- soil health --- mVOCs --- Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria --- Mentha piperita --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 --- salt stress --- MDA --- DPPH --- Bradyrhizobium japonicum --- Pseudomonas putida --- plant growth --- plant nutrients --- soil enzymes --- soil nutrients --- soybean --- sweet pepper --- Bacillus --- chitosan --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- fruit yield --- plant growth promoting microorganisms --- abiotic stress --- biotic stress --- flavonoids --- biotic and abiotic stress --- symbiosis --- signaling --- rhizobium --- AMF --- allelopathy --- biocontrol Aspergillus japonicus --- root-knot nematode --- fermentation filtrate --- biological control --- seed germination --- α-Tocopherol --- antioxidants --- drought --- nutrient dynamics --- tissue specific response --- deep N fertilization --- peroxidase activity --- catalase activity --- rice cultivation --- ABA biosynthesis --- drought stress --- gene expression --- signaling network --- transporters --- Zea mays L. --- environmental stresses --- endophytic bacteria --- plant growth promoting ability --- chromium --- Staphylococcus aureus --- oxidative stress --- available phosphorus --- enriched compost --- poultry litter --- rock phosphate --- pear trees --- PGR --- sustainable development --- crop nutrition --- fertiliser --- Timac Agro Italia --- allelopathic bacteria --- antimetabolites --- phytotoxic metabolites --- rhizobacteria --- weed invasion --- anthocyanins --- color --- fruit size --- phenolics --- Punica granatum --- PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms) --- tee tree oil --- plant biostimulants --- soil-borne phytopathogens --- antagonistic fungi --- biocontrol --- biotic effect --- crop production --- RIDER --- drylands --- water conservation --- biomass reduction --- cereal crops --- growth regulators --- metal stress --- sugar beet --- nitrogen fertilizer --- gibberellic acid --- TSS --- sugar yield

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Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are groups of rhizosphere microorganisms capable of colonizing the root environment. Some of the microbes that inhabit this zone are bacteria and fungi that are capable of efficiently colonizing roots and rhizosphere soil. These microorganisms can be used as biofertilizers for improving agricultural production even under stressful environmental conditions. In contrast to PGPM, plant growth regulators (PGR) are chemical compounds that significantly affect the growth and differentiation of plant cells and tissues. They function as chemical messengers for intercellular communication and play a vital role in plant signaling networks as they are involved in the plant developmental process and a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress responses. The application of PGPM and plant growth regulators/hormones or the synthesis of PGR and signal transduction, perception, and cross-talk creates a complex network that plays an essential role in the regulation of plant physiological processes. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of PGPM and PGR and their roles in plant growth and development, interaction and independence in their action, and hormonal crosstalk under stresses is essential for agricultural production and research. Therefore, this book has contributions in the form of research and review papers from eminent scientists worldwide and discusses the role of PGPM and PGR in agriculture production and research, their potentials as biocontrol agents, their effects on physicochemical properties of soil, innovation for sustainable agriculture, their role in seed transplanting, and their role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses.

Paecilomyces --- PGPF --- tomato --- pepper --- plant probiotic microorganisms --- Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) --- Solanum lycopersicum L. --- secondary metabolites --- plant insect interactions --- seaweed extract --- phytohormone profiling --- fertilizers --- antioxidant --- plant growth regulators --- brown seaweed --- green algae --- abiotic stresses --- cell membrane stability --- climate change --- osmolytes --- polyamines --- bacterial community composition --- liquid food waste materials (LFM) --- plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) --- plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits --- salinity --- PGPR --- wheat --- compatible solutes --- antioxidant enzymes --- Trichoderma --- plant growth promotion --- biostimulant --- aridity --- Bacillus sp. --- biochar --- nutrient availability --- organic matter --- soil health --- mVOCs --- Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria --- Mentha piperita --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 --- salt stress --- MDA --- DPPH --- Bradyrhizobium japonicum --- Pseudomonas putida --- plant growth --- plant nutrients --- soil enzymes --- soil nutrients --- soybean --- sweet pepper --- Bacillus --- chitosan --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- fruit yield --- plant growth promoting microorganisms --- abiotic stress --- biotic stress --- flavonoids --- biotic and abiotic stress --- symbiosis --- signaling --- rhizobium --- AMF --- allelopathy --- biocontrol Aspergillus japonicus --- root-knot nematode --- fermentation filtrate --- biological control --- seed germination --- α-Tocopherol --- antioxidants --- drought --- nutrient dynamics --- tissue specific response --- deep N fertilization --- peroxidase activity --- catalase activity --- rice cultivation --- ABA biosynthesis --- drought stress --- gene expression --- signaling network --- transporters --- Zea mays L. --- environmental stresses --- endophytic bacteria --- plant growth promoting ability --- chromium --- Staphylococcus aureus --- oxidative stress --- available phosphorus --- enriched compost --- poultry litter --- rock phosphate --- pear trees --- PGR --- sustainable development --- crop nutrition --- fertiliser --- Timac Agro Italia --- allelopathic bacteria --- antimetabolites --- phytotoxic metabolites --- rhizobacteria --- weed invasion --- anthocyanins --- color --- fruit size --- phenolics --- Punica granatum --- PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms) --- tee tree oil --- plant biostimulants --- soil-borne phytopathogens --- antagonistic fungi --- biocontrol --- biotic effect --- crop production --- RIDER --- drylands --- water conservation --- biomass reduction --- cereal crops --- growth regulators --- metal stress --- sugar beet --- nitrogen fertilizer --- gibberellic acid --- TSS --- sugar yield --- n/a