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"This book analyses the status and prospects of the global governance of Access Benefit Sharing (ABS) in the aftermath of 2010's Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The CBD's initial 1992 framework of global ABS governance established the objective of sharing the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources fairly between countries and communities. Since then, ABS has been a contested issue in international politics, not least due to the failure of effective implementation of the original CBD framework. The Nagoya Protocol therefore aims to improve and enhance this framework. Compared to the slow rate of progress on climate change, it has been considered a major achievement of global environmental governance, but it has also been coined a 'masterpiece of ambiguity'. This book analyses the role of a variety of actors in the emergence of the Nagoya Protocol and provides an up-to-date assessment of the core features of the architecture of global ABS governance.This book offers a central resource regarding ABS governance for those working on and interested in global environmental governance. This is achieved by focusing on two broad themes of the wider research agenda on global environmental governance, namely architecture and agency. Furthermore, individual chapter contributions relate and link ABS governance to other prominent debates in the field, such as institutional complexes, compliance, market-based approaches, EU leadership, the role of small states, the role of non-state actors and more. Partly due to its seeming technical complexity, ABS governance has so far not been at the centre of attention of scholars and practitioners of global environmental governance. In this book, care is taken to provide an accessible account of key functional features of the governance system which enables non-specialists to gain a grasp on the main issues involved, allowing the issue of ABS governance to move centre-stage and be more fully recognised in discussions on global environmental governance. " --
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L'auteur analyse l'évolution des idées depuis le début du XXe siècle, où l'on se préoccupait de protéger la nature, jusqu'à nos jours, où il est question de gérer la biodiversité. Les bouleversements récents dans la façon dont les sciences appréhendent la nature mettent en évidence un renouvellement de paradigme. L'idée d'équilibre naturel a longtemps prévalu en écologie. Aujourd'hui, s'impose celle de changement permanent, qui appelle une réflexion éthique : comment repenser les valeurs qui fondent les relations homme-nature, sachant que la biodiversité s'inscrit dans une trajectoire ? L'auteur ouvre la réflexion sur l'évolution qui en résulte dans la pratique du métier de chercheur.
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Den tverrsektorielle arbeidsgruppen for miljø og økonomi underved Nordisk Ministerråd har satt i gang prosjektet "Virkemidler for forvaltning av biologisk mangfold i skog og våtmarker". Målet med prosjektet er å som skal utrede analysere hvordan offentlige virkemidler kan innrettes for å bidra til kostnadseffektiv bevaring av biologisk mangfold i de nordiske landene. Biologisk mangfold er et komplekst og mangesidig fenomen som det ikke uten videre er enkelt å underkaste målrettet forvaltning. Denne rapporten dekker første del av prosjektet og beskriver hvordan biologisk mangfold kan operasjonaliseres i forhold til forvaltningsmål og virkemidler. Biologisk mangfold er i denne sammenhengen avgrenset til områder som er viktige for biologisk mangfold i skog, myr og våtmark, og i rapporten drøftes aktuelle kriterier og indikatorer for slikt biologisk mangfold. De to øvrige delene av prosjektet, en nordisk status og hvordan ulike virkemidler fungerer, presenteres i egne rapporter.
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