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bevacizumab --- Pancreatic Neoplams --- erlotinib

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The increased understanding of the molecular characteristics, these last years, is impressive. Identification of the essential factors for the development of some cancers, such as BCR-ABL and HER2, has aided pharmaceutical firms in the development of novel molecules, which could target oncogenes, oncoproteins and receptors. Thus, imatinib, trastuzumab and bevacizumab were developed. Three molecules, which have demonstrated the potential of molecularly targeted cancer therapeutics. However these molecules are confronted with various mechanisms of resistance. These mechanisms as well as some novel strategies to over-ride resistance will develop in this report Les progrès dans la compréhension de la biologie cellulaire effectués ces dernières années sont impressionnants. L’identification de facteurs essentiels pour le développement de certains cancers, tels que BCR-ABL et HER2, a encouragé les firmes pharmaceutiques à se focaliser sur le développement de molécules capables de cibler ces oncogènes, oncoprotéines ou récepteurs. Ainsi, fut développés l’imatinib, le trastuzumab et le bevacizumab ; trois molécules qui ont démontré le potentiel des thérapies du cancer à cible moléculaire. Cependant, ces molécules sont confrontées à divers mécanismes de résistance. Ces mécanismes de résistance ainsi que quelques nouvelles stratégies de traitement pour y faire face seront développés dans ce mémoire

imatinib --- Antineoplastic Agents --- trastuzumab --- bevacizumab --- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases --- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic --- Breast Neoplasms

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Immunotherapy has become a viable treatment modality for a variety of cancers (and referred to as Science Magazine’s “Breakthrough of the Year” in 2013, as well as ASCO’s “Advance of the Year” in both 2016 and 2017). This Special Issue is focused on the relevance of immunobiology in brain tumors, touching on elements of immune suppression, immune stimulation, and the immune microenvironment, with culminations in translational immunotherapy.

Medicine --- vaccine therapy --- oncoantigen --- tumor associate antigen --- tumor angiogenesis --- high-grade glioma --- pituitary neuroendocrine tumors --- VEGF --- Treg --- TAM --- PD-1 --- PD-L1 --- tumor microenvironment (TME) --- glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) --- GBM-associated macrophages (GAMs) --- exosomes --- oncomiR-21 --- STAT3 inhibitor --- glioma --- diffusion tensor imaging --- generalized q-ball imaging --- treatment-related effects --- multiple resections --- adrenal insufficiency --- Addison’s disease --- bevacizumab --- cerebral radiation necrosis --- craniopharyngioma --- inflammation --- checkpoint inhibitors --- Interleukin-6 --- vaccine therapy --- oncoantigen --- tumor associate antigen --- tumor angiogenesis --- high-grade glioma --- pituitary neuroendocrine tumors --- VEGF --- Treg --- TAM --- PD-1 --- PD-L1 --- tumor microenvironment (TME) --- glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) --- GBM-associated macrophages (GAMs) --- exosomes --- oncomiR-21 --- STAT3 inhibitor --- glioma --- diffusion tensor imaging --- generalized q-ball imaging --- treatment-related effects --- multiple resections --- adrenal insufficiency --- Addison’s disease --- bevacizumab --- cerebral radiation necrosis --- craniopharyngioma --- inflammation --- checkpoint inhibitors --- Interleukin-6

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This Special Issue celebrates the 25th anniversary of the discovery of the first microRNA. The size of the microRNome and complexity of animal body plans and organ systems suggests a role for microRNAs in cell fate determination and differentiation. More than 2000 sequences have been proposed to represent unique microRNA genes in humans, with an increasing number of mechanistic roles identified in developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. Thus, dysregulation of a few key microRNAs can have a profound global effect on the gene expression and molecular programs of a cell. This great potential for clinical intervention has captured the interest and imagination of researchers in many fields. However, very few fields have been as prolific as the field of cancer research. This Special Issue provides but a glimpse of the large body of literature of microRNA biology in cancer research, containing 4 original research studies and 4 review articles that focus on specific hematologic or solid tumors in disease. Collectively, these articles highlight state-of-the-art approaches and methodologies for microRNA detection in tissue, blood, and other body fluids in a range of biomarkers applications, from early cancer detection to prognosis and treatment response. The articles also address some of the challenges regarding clinical implementation.

leukemia --- n/a --- cell lines --- hepatitis B virus --- long non coding RNA --- normalization of miRNA expression in RT-qPCR --- children --- colorectal --- review --- bevacizumab --- tumor budding cells --- oral cancer --- liquid biopsy --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- small t-antigen --- colorectal cancer --- protein-miRNA complex --- biomarkers --- biomarker --- interleukin-1? --- tissue analysis --- miRNAs --- T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) --- leukoplakia --- inflammation --- exosomes --- circulating free DNA --- hepatitis C virus --- miRNA --- miR-21 --- extracellular microRNA --- endogenous controls --- lymphoma --- confocal slide scanning microscopy --- early diagnosis --- reference genes --- large T-antigen --- microRNA --- miRNA (microRNA) --- cancer --- TNF-? --- plasma --- MicroRNAs.

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The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm represents one of the most prominent breakthroughs of the last decades in tumor biology. CSCs are that subpopulation within a tumor that can survive conventional therapies and as a consequence are able to fuel tumor recurrence. Nevertheless, the biological characteristics of CSCs and even their existence, remain the main topic among tumor biologists debates. The difficulty in achieving a better definition of CSC biology may actually be explained by the plasticity of such a cell subpopulation. Indeed, the emerging view is that CSCs represent a dynamic “state” of tumor cells that can acquire stemness-related properties under specific circumstances, rather than referring to a well-defined group of cells. Regardless of their origin, it is clear that designing novel antitumor treatments based on the eradication of CSCs will only be possible upon unraveling the biological mechanisms that underlie their pathogenic role in tumor progression and therapy resistance. The Special Issue on “New aspects of cancer stem cell biology: implications for innovative therapies” aims at highlighting recent insights into CSC features that can make them an attractive target for novel therapeutic strategies.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Cadherin 11 --- WNT signaling --- β-catenin --- cancer stem cells --- TNBC --- early breast cancer --- bevacizumab --- neoadjuvant chemotherapy --- ALDH1 --- solid cancer --- chemo-resistance --- HDAC inhibitors --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma --- SRC --- dasatinib --- saracatinib --- EC-8042 --- Ovarian cancer --- Wnt signaling --- tumor progression --- therapy resistance --- exosomes --- oral cancer risk --- oral epithelial dysplasia --- SOX2 --- immunohistochemistry --- oral squamous cell carcinoma --- genome-wide --- transcriptome --- lung cancer --- ATAC-seq --- RNA-seq --- CSCs --- NSCLC --- B4GALT1 --- LUAD --- breast cancer --- lipid --- metabolism --- therapeutic resistance --- bowel cancer --- organoid --- tumoroid --- colorectal --- colon --- stem cell --- chemotherapy resistance --- ovarian cancer --- cancer stem cell --- genetic heterogeneity --- SNP array --- L1CAM --- chemoresistance --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- cancer therapy --- cell adhesion molecule --- Cadherin 11 --- WNT signaling --- β-catenin --- cancer stem cells --- TNBC --- early breast cancer --- bevacizumab --- neoadjuvant chemotherapy --- ALDH1 --- solid cancer --- chemo-resistance --- HDAC inhibitors --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma --- SRC --- dasatinib --- saracatinib --- EC-8042 --- Ovarian cancer --- Wnt signaling --- tumor progression --- therapy resistance --- exosomes --- oral cancer risk --- oral epithelial dysplasia --- SOX2 --- immunohistochemistry --- oral squamous cell carcinoma --- genome-wide --- transcriptome --- lung cancer --- ATAC-seq --- RNA-seq --- CSCs --- NSCLC --- B4GALT1 --- LUAD --- breast cancer --- lipid --- metabolism --- therapeutic resistance --- bowel cancer --- organoid --- tumoroid --- colorectal --- colon --- stem cell --- chemotherapy resistance --- ovarian cancer --- cancer stem cell --- genetic heterogeneity --- SNP array --- L1CAM --- chemoresistance --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- cancer therapy --- cell adhesion molecule