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Mechanical properties of BBC metals : proceedings of the US-Japan seminar ... Honolulu, Hawaii, March 23-27, 1981
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ISBN: 089520391X Year: 1982 Publisher: Warrendale Metallurgical society of AIME


Book
The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Cancer Development and Progression
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, which surrounds and supports the cells in tissues, consists of fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, signaling molecules, and enzymes involved in its remodeling. The stages of cancer progression, e.g., local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, distant invasion and immunosuppression, are obligatorily perpetrated through interactions of these tumor cells with the ECM. Cancer-related ECM changes can be exploited for the evaluation of disease progression, anticancer therapy development, and monitoring of therapy response. Thus, in breast cancer, hyaluronan-mediated wound repair mechanisms are hijacked to promote tumor development. Altered mechanical properties of the pancreatic cancer ECM are immunosuppressive and prevent the penetration of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. The expression of the proteoglycan syndecan-4 is modulated by anticancer drugs, suggesting its potential druggabilty capacity. Another proteoglycan, lumican, is proposed as a cancer prognosis marker, chemoresistance regulator, and cancer therapy target. Due to their remodeling properties, the MMPs are vital mediators and important therapeutic targets. Treatment of breast cancer cells with sulfated hyaluronan has been shown to attenuate tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released by all cells into the ECM and body fluids and can be utilized as diagnostic markers in malignant pleural mesothelioma. These exciting developments encourage tumor biology scientists for further creative research.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- elastin --- ribosomal protein SA --- tongue carcinoma --- MMP-2 --- EGCG --- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma --- syndecans --- proteoglycans --- tumor progression --- angiogenesis --- syndecan-4 --- heparan sulfate --- cancer --- prognosis --- biomarker --- signal transduction --- proteoglycan --- metastasis --- extracellular matrix --- fibrosis --- immune cell modulation --- neutrophils --- neutrophil extracellular trap --- macrophages --- BCC --- MMP --- TIMP --- invasion --- lumican --- cancer cell growth --- motility --- hyaluronan --- RHAMM --- CD44 --- wound repair --- breast cancer --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- pleural effusion --- extracellular vesicles --- biomarkers --- sulfated hyaluronan --- estrogen receptors --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- matrix metalloproteinases --- elastin --- ribosomal protein SA --- tongue carcinoma --- MMP-2 --- EGCG --- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma --- syndecans --- proteoglycans --- tumor progression --- angiogenesis --- syndecan-4 --- heparan sulfate --- cancer --- prognosis --- biomarker --- signal transduction --- proteoglycan --- metastasis --- extracellular matrix --- fibrosis --- immune cell modulation --- neutrophils --- neutrophil extracellular trap --- macrophages --- BCC --- MMP --- TIMP --- invasion --- lumican --- cancer cell growth --- motility --- hyaluronan --- RHAMM --- CD44 --- wound repair --- breast cancer --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- pleural effusion --- extracellular vesicles --- biomarkers --- sulfated hyaluronan --- estrogen receptors --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- matrix metalloproteinases

Vision pour une monnaie forte : plaidoyer pour une nouvelle politique monétaire au Congo.
Author:
ISBN: 9782296047280 Year: 2007 Publisher: Paris L'Harmattan


Book
The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Cancer Development and Progression
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, which surrounds and supports the cells in tissues, consists of fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, signaling molecules, and enzymes involved in its remodeling. The stages of cancer progression, e.g., local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, distant invasion and immunosuppression, are obligatorily perpetrated through interactions of these tumor cells with the ECM. Cancer-related ECM changes can be exploited for the evaluation of disease progression, anticancer therapy development, and monitoring of therapy response. Thus, in breast cancer, hyaluronan-mediated wound repair mechanisms are hijacked to promote tumor development. Altered mechanical properties of the pancreatic cancer ECM are immunosuppressive and prevent the penetration of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. The expression of the proteoglycan syndecan-4 is modulated by anticancer drugs, suggesting its potential druggabilty capacity. Another proteoglycan, lumican, is proposed as a cancer prognosis marker, chemoresistance regulator, and cancer therapy target. Due to their remodeling properties, the MMPs are vital mediators and important therapeutic targets. Treatment of breast cancer cells with sulfated hyaluronan has been shown to attenuate tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released by all cells into the ECM and body fluids and can be utilized as diagnostic markers in malignant pleural mesothelioma. These exciting developments encourage tumor biology scientists for further creative research.


Book
The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Cancer Development and Progression
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, which surrounds and supports the cells in tissues, consists of fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, signaling molecules, and enzymes involved in its remodeling. The stages of cancer progression, e.g., local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, distant invasion and immunosuppression, are obligatorily perpetrated through interactions of these tumor cells with the ECM. Cancer-related ECM changes can be exploited for the evaluation of disease progression, anticancer therapy development, and monitoring of therapy response. Thus, in breast cancer, hyaluronan-mediated wound repair mechanisms are hijacked to promote tumor development. Altered mechanical properties of the pancreatic cancer ECM are immunosuppressive and prevent the penetration of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. The expression of the proteoglycan syndecan-4 is modulated by anticancer drugs, suggesting its potential druggabilty capacity. Another proteoglycan, lumican, is proposed as a cancer prognosis marker, chemoresistance regulator, and cancer therapy target. Due to their remodeling properties, the MMPs are vital mediators and important therapeutic targets. Treatment of breast cancer cells with sulfated hyaluronan has been shown to attenuate tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released by all cells into the ECM and body fluids and can be utilized as diagnostic markers in malignant pleural mesothelioma. These exciting developments encourage tumor biology scientists for further creative research.


Book
Metal Plasticity and Fatigue at High Temperature
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 3039287710 3039287702 Year: 2020 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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In several industrial fields (such as automotive, steelmaking, aerospace, and fire protection systems) metals need to withstand a combination of cyclic loadings and high temperatures. In this condition, they usually exhibit an amount—more or less pronounced—of plastic deformation, often accompanied by creep or stress-relaxation phenomena. Plastic deformation under the action of cyclic loadings may cause fatigue cracks to appear, eventually leading to failures after a few cycles. In estimating the material strength under such loading conditions, the high-temperature material behavior needs to be considered against cyclic loading and creep, the experimental strength to isothermal/non-isothermal cyclic loadings and, not least of all, the choice and experimental calibration of numerical material models and the selection of the most comprehensive design approach. This book is a series of recent scientific contributions addressing several topics in the field of experimental characterization and physical-based modeling of material behavior and design methods against high-temperature loadings, with emphasis on the correlation between microstructure and strength. Several material types are considered, from stainless steel, aluminum alloys, Ni-based superalloys, spheroidal graphite iron, and copper alloys. The quality of scientific contributions in this book can assist scholars and scientists with their research in the field of metal plasticity, creep, and low-cycle fatigue.


Book
Ti-Based Biomaterials : Synthesis, Properties and Applications
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Recently, great attention has been paid to materials that can be used in the human body to prepare parts that replace failed bone structures. Of all materials, Ti-based materials are the most desirable, because they provide an optimum combination of mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. The successful application of Ti biomaterials has been confirmed mainly in dentistry, orthopedics, and traumatology. Titanium biocompatibility is practically the highest of all metallic biomaterials; however, new solutions are being sought to continuously improve their biocompatibility and osseointegration. Thus, the chemical modification of Ti results in the formation of new alloys or composites, which provide new perspectives for Ti biomaterials applications. This book covers broad aspects of Ti-based biomaterials concerning the design of their structure, mechanical, and biological properties. This book demonstrates that the new Ti-based compounds and their surface treatment provide the best properties for biomedical applications.

Keywords

History of engineering & technology --- Powder Bed Fusion --- Titanium alloys --- Cobalt–Chrome alloys --- anisotropy --- bcc Ti-Mo-Zr alloys --- Inter-diffusion coefficient --- Impurity coefficient --- Atomic mobility --- CALPHAD modeling --- titanium --- low frequency --- inductive transmission --- metallic housing --- hermetic sealing --- longevity --- FEM model --- active implantable medical devices --- stainless --- nitinol --- diaphyseal fracture --- implant --- osseointegration --- biocompatibility --- bioactive ceramic coatings --- sphene --- ECAP --- Conform --- continuous extrusion --- wire --- medical implants --- plasma spraying --- Ti coating --- polymers --- biomaterials --- heat treatment --- in situ alloying --- laser additive manufacturing --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- Ti–Nb alloy --- Ni-Ti alloy --- surface characteristics --- hydrophobic --- magnetic mixed EDM --- TiO2 nanotubes --- crystallization --- gaseous plasma --- biological response --- mechanical alloying --- nanoprecursor --- electric pulse-assisted sintering --- metal matrix composites --- titanium plate --- amine plasma --- surface modification --- hydrophilicity --- new bone formation --- titanium-based foams --- thermal dealloying --- titanium alloy --- biomaterial --- TiMoZrTa --- TiMoSi --- low elasticity modulus --- corrosion --- titanium alloys --- microstructures --- TNTZ --- copper --- Ti2Cu --- Ti3Cu --- antibacterial --- shape memory alloy --- temperature variable micro-compression test --- single crystal --- biomedical alloy --- selective electron beam additive manufacture --- Ti6Al4V ELI alloy --- phase transformation --- spatial --- gradient energy density --- martensitic decomposition --- Ti3Al intermetallic compound --- fracture analysis --- biofunctionalization --- Powder Bed Fusion --- Titanium alloys --- Cobalt–Chrome alloys --- anisotropy --- bcc Ti-Mo-Zr alloys --- Inter-diffusion coefficient --- Impurity coefficient --- Atomic mobility --- CALPHAD modeling --- titanium --- low frequency --- inductive transmission --- metallic housing --- hermetic sealing --- longevity --- FEM model --- active implantable medical devices --- stainless --- nitinol --- diaphyseal fracture --- implant --- osseointegration --- biocompatibility --- bioactive ceramic coatings --- sphene --- ECAP --- Conform --- continuous extrusion --- wire --- medical implants --- plasma spraying --- Ti coating --- polymers --- biomaterials --- heat treatment --- in situ alloying --- laser additive manufacturing --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- Ti–Nb alloy --- Ni-Ti alloy --- surface characteristics --- hydrophobic --- magnetic mixed EDM --- TiO2 nanotubes --- crystallization --- gaseous plasma --- biological response --- mechanical alloying --- nanoprecursor --- electric pulse-assisted sintering --- metal matrix composites --- titanium plate --- amine plasma --- surface modification --- hydrophilicity --- new bone formation --- titanium-based foams --- thermal dealloying --- titanium alloy --- biomaterial --- TiMoZrTa --- TiMoSi --- low elasticity modulus --- corrosion --- titanium alloys --- microstructures --- TNTZ --- copper --- Ti2Cu --- Ti3Cu --- antibacterial --- shape memory alloy --- temperature variable micro-compression test --- single crystal --- biomedical alloy --- selective electron beam additive manufacture --- Ti6Al4V ELI alloy --- phase transformation --- spatial --- gradient energy density --- martensitic decomposition --- Ti3Al intermetallic compound --- fracture analysis --- biofunctionalization


Book
Crystal Plasticity at Micro- and Nano-scale Dimensions
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The present collection of articles focuses on the mechanical strength properties at micro- and nanoscale dimensions of body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed crystal structures. The advent of micro-pillar test specimens is shown to provide a new dimensional scale for the investigation of crystal deformation properties. The ultra-small dimensional scale at which these properties are measured is shown to approach the atomic-scale level at which model dislocation mechanics descriptions of crystal slip and deformation twinning behaviors are proposed to be operative, including the achievement of atomic force microscopic measurements of dislocation pile-up interactions with crystal grain boundaries or with hard surface coatings. A special advantage of engineering designs made at such small crystal and polycrystalline dimensions is the achievement of an approximate order-of-magnitude increase in mechanical strength levels. Reasonable extrapolation of macro-scale continuum mechanics descriptions of crystal strength properties at micro- to nano-indentation hardness measurements are demonstrated, in addition to reports on persistent slip band observations and fatigue cracking behaviors. High-entropy alloy, superalloy and energetic crystal properties are reported along with descriptions of deformation rate sensitivities, grain boundary structures, nano-cutting, void nucleation/growth micromechanics and micro-composite electrical properties.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- crystal strength --- micro-crystals --- nano-crystals --- nano-polycrystals --- nano-wires --- whiskers --- pillars --- dislocations --- hardness --- crystal size dependencies --- fracture --- strain rate sensitivity --- temperature effect --- indentation size effect --- theoretical model --- nano-indentation --- crack growth --- dislocation models --- pile-ups --- kitagawa-takahashi diagram --- fracture mechanics --- internal stresses --- molecular dynamics simulations --- BCC Fe nanowires --- twin boundaries --- de-twinning --- micromechanical testing --- micro-pillar --- bi-crystal --- discrete dislocation pile-up --- grain boundary --- free surface --- anisotropic elasticity --- crystallographic slip --- molecular dynamics --- nanocutting --- iron --- cutting theory --- ab initio calculations --- hydrogen embrittlement --- cohesive strength --- multiaxial loading --- strain rate --- molecular dynamics simulation --- activation volume --- grain growth --- indentation creep --- size effect --- geometrically necessary dislocations --- FeCrAl --- micropillar --- dislocation --- strain hardening --- crystal plasticity simulations --- persistent slip band --- surface hard coating --- fatigue crack initiation --- fatigue --- cyclic deformation --- internal stress --- copper single crystal --- rafting behavior --- phase-field simulation --- crystal plasticity theory --- mechanical property --- ultrafine-grained materials --- intermetallic compounds --- B2 phase --- strain hardening behavior --- synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction --- HMX --- elastic properties --- linear complexions --- strength --- lattice distortive transformations --- dislocation emission --- grain boundaries --- nanomaterials --- Hall-Petch relation --- metals and alloys --- interfacial delamination --- nucleation --- void formation --- cracking --- alloys --- nanocrystalline --- thermal stability --- IN718 alloy --- dislocation plasticity --- twinning --- miniaturised testing --- in situ electron microscopy --- magnesium --- anode --- tin sulfide --- lithium ion battery --- conversion reaction --- nanoflower --- rapid solidification --- compression --- crystal strength --- micro-crystals --- nano-crystals --- nano-polycrystals --- nano-wires --- whiskers --- pillars --- dislocations --- hardness --- crystal size dependencies --- fracture --- strain rate sensitivity --- temperature effect --- indentation size effect --- theoretical model --- nano-indentation --- crack growth --- dislocation models --- pile-ups --- kitagawa-takahashi diagram --- fracture mechanics --- internal stresses --- molecular dynamics simulations --- BCC Fe nanowires --- twin boundaries --- de-twinning --- micromechanical testing --- micro-pillar --- bi-crystal --- discrete dislocation pile-up --- grain boundary --- free surface --- anisotropic elasticity --- crystallographic slip --- molecular dynamics --- nanocutting --- iron --- cutting theory --- ab initio calculations --- hydrogen embrittlement --- cohesive strength --- multiaxial loading --- strain rate --- molecular dynamics simulation --- activation volume --- grain growth --- indentation creep --- size effect --- geometrically necessary dislocations --- FeCrAl --- micropillar --- dislocation --- strain hardening --- crystal plasticity simulations --- persistent slip band --- surface hard coating --- fatigue crack initiation --- fatigue --- cyclic deformation --- internal stress --- copper single crystal --- rafting behavior --- phase-field simulation --- crystal plasticity theory --- mechanical property --- ultrafine-grained materials --- intermetallic compounds --- B2 phase --- strain hardening behavior --- synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction --- HMX --- elastic properties --- linear complexions --- strength --- lattice distortive transformations --- dislocation emission --- grain boundaries --- nanomaterials --- Hall-Petch relation --- metals and alloys --- interfacial delamination --- nucleation --- void formation --- cracking --- alloys --- nanocrystalline --- thermal stability --- IN718 alloy --- dislocation plasticity --- twinning --- miniaturised testing --- in situ electron microscopy --- magnesium --- anode --- tin sulfide --- lithium ion battery --- conversion reaction --- nanoflower --- rapid solidification --- compression


Book
Ti-Based Biomaterials : Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Recently, great attention has been paid to materials that can be used in the human body to prepare parts that replace failed bone structures. Of all materials, Ti-based materials are the most desirable, because they provide an optimum combination of mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. The successful application of Ti biomaterials has been confirmed mainly in dentistry, orthopedics, and traumatology. Titanium biocompatibility is practically the highest of all metallic biomaterials; however, new solutions are being sought to continuously improve their biocompatibility and osseointegration. Thus, the chemical modification of Ti results in the formation of new alloys or composites, which provide new perspectives for Ti biomaterials applications. This book covers broad aspects of Ti-based biomaterials concerning the design of their structure, mechanical, and biological properties. This book demonstrates that the new Ti-based compounds and their surface treatment provide the best properties for biomedical applications.

Keywords

History of engineering & technology --- Powder Bed Fusion --- Titanium alloys --- Cobalt–Chrome alloys --- anisotropy --- bcc Ti-Mo-Zr alloys --- Inter-diffusion coefficient --- Impurity coefficient --- Atomic mobility --- CALPHAD modeling --- titanium --- low frequency --- inductive transmission --- metallic housing --- hermetic sealing --- longevity --- FEM model --- active implantable medical devices --- stainless --- nitinol --- diaphyseal fracture --- implant --- osseointegration --- biocompatibility --- bioactive ceramic coatings --- sphene --- ECAP --- Conform --- continuous extrusion --- wire --- medical implants --- plasma spraying --- Ti coating --- polymers --- biomaterials --- heat treatment --- in situ alloying --- laser additive manufacturing --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- Ti–Nb alloy --- Ni-Ti alloy --- surface characteristics --- hydrophobic --- magnetic mixed EDM --- TiO2 nanotubes --- crystallization --- gaseous plasma --- biological response --- mechanical alloying --- nanoprecursor --- electric pulse-assisted sintering --- metal matrix composites --- titanium plate --- amine plasma --- surface modification --- hydrophilicity --- new bone formation --- titanium-based foams --- thermal dealloying --- titanium alloy --- biomaterial --- TiMoZrTa --- TiMoSi --- low elasticity modulus --- corrosion --- titanium alloys --- microstructures --- TNTZ --- copper --- Ti2Cu --- Ti3Cu --- antibacterial --- shape memory alloy --- temperature variable micro-compression test --- single crystal --- biomedical alloy --- selective electron beam additive manufacture --- Ti6Al4V ELI alloy --- phase transformation --- spatial --- gradient energy density --- martensitic decomposition --- Ti3Al intermetallic compound --- fracture analysis --- biofunctionalization

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