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The production and supply of raw materials is a basic ecosystem service, the origin of multiple production value chains. In 2011, the European Union elaborated a list of critical raw materials (CRMs), taking the economic and strategic importance for the European economy and the supply risk. Although focused mainly on the energy sector, the USA, Canada, and other countries took recently similar steps. Despite the great inertia characterising the mineral raw materials sector, some steps towards the Industry 4.0 paradigm can be envisaged. Significant challenges to the mining sector are the appropriate process design using the best available technologies; the increase in energy efficiency; the responsible use of water and handling of mining wastes; the social acceptance of the activity; and the digitalisation challenge. This book aims to propose strategies that can help face those challenges, especially in increasing energy efficiency in comminution operations.

comminution --- simulation --- work index --- grindability --- critical metals --- ball mill --- kinetic grinding --- specific grinding rate --- Sn–Ta–Nb --- Penouta Mine --- critical raw materials --- tungsten ore --- grinding kinetics --- ball mills --- grinding media --- energy efficiency --- Bond work index --- bond work index --- particle size distribution --- metallurgical coke --- electrofragmentation --- Marx generator --- modeling --- n/a --- Sn-Ta-Nb

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This book captures advancements in the applications of computational intelligence (artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc.) to problems in the mineral and mining industries. The papers present the state of the art in four broad categories: mine operations, mine planning, mine safety, and advances in the sciences, primarily in image processing applications. Authors in the book include both researchers and industry practitioners.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- truck dispatching --- mining equipment uncertainties --- orebody uncertainty --- discrete event simulation --- Q-learning --- grinding circuits --- minerals processing --- random forest --- decision trees --- machine learning --- knowledge discovery --- variable importance --- mineral prospectivity mapping --- random forest algorithm --- epithermal gold --- unstructured data --- blast impact --- empirical model --- mining --- fragmentation --- mine worker fatigue --- random forest model --- health and safety management --- stockpiles --- operational data --- mine-to-mill --- geostatistics --- ore control --- mine optimization --- digital twin --- modes of operation --- geological uncertainty --- multivariate statistics --- partial least squares regression --- oil sands --- bitumen extraction --- bitumen processability --- mine safety and health --- accidents --- narratives --- natural language processing --- random forest classification --- hyperspectral imaging --- multispectral imaging --- dimensionality reduction --- neighbourhood component analysis --- artificial intelligence --- mining exploitation --- masonry buildings --- damage risk analysis --- Bayesian network --- Naive Bayes --- Bayesian Network Structure Learning (BNSL) --- rock type --- mining geology --- bluetooth beacon --- classification and regression tree --- gaussian naïve bayes --- k-nearest neighbors --- support vector machine --- transport route --- transport time --- underground mine --- tactical geometallurgy --- data analytics in mining --- ball mill throughput --- measurement while drilling --- non-additivity --- coal --- petrographic analysis --- macerals --- image analysis --- semantic segmentation --- convolutional neural networks --- point cloud scaling --- fragmentation size analysis --- structure from motion --- n/a --- gaussian naïve bayes

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The present book covers the main challenges, important for future prospects of subsoils extraction as a public effective and profitable business, as well as technologically advanced industry. In the near future, the mining industry must overcome the problems of structural changes in raw materials demand and raise the productivity up to the level of high-tech industries to maintain the profits. This means the formation of a comprehensive and integral response to such challenges as the need for innovative modernization of mining equipment and an increase in its reliability, the widespread introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies in the activities of mining enterprises, the transition to "green mining" and the improvement of labor safety and avoidance of man-made accidents. The answer to these challenges is impossible without involving a wide range of scientific community in the publication of research results and exchange of views and ideas. To solve the problem, this book combines the works of researchers from the world's leading centers of mining science on the development of mining machines and mechanical systems, surface and underground geotechnology, mineral processing, digital systems in mining, mine ventilation and labor protection, and geo-ecology. A special place among them is given to post-mining technologies research.

underground mining --- ventilation systems --- methane release hazard --- spontaneous combustion hazard --- safety --- copper ore comminution --- hydro-jet mill --- high-pressure water jet --- deep underground min --- IoT devices --- smartphone --- gas hazards --- Industry 4.0 in mining --- ball mills --- energy efficiency --- internal dynamics --- DEM model --- resonance oscillations --- measurements --- drilling rig --- process monitoring --- operational cycles --- sound measurement --- electric current acquisition --- threshold-based segmentation --- envelope spectrum --- safety function --- electro-hydraulic control system --- powered roof support --- textile conveyor belts --- multiply conveyor belts --- multiply belt splices --- laboratory splice tests --- fluid coupling --- ball mill --- electric motor --- drive system --- grinding --- energetic efficiency --- surface mining --- mining equipment --- multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) --- ELECTRE III --- thermal imaging --- belt conveyor --- diagnostics --- mechanical failure --- preventative maintenance --- well reamer --- rock mass --- intensification of production --- nonlinear law --- completion of wells --- innovative technology --- UAV --- acoustic signal processing --- Euclidean distance --- underground mine --- search and rescue --- drilling --- pipe --- drill bit --- manufacturing error --- material --- model --- elastic modulus --- computational fluid dynamics --- numerical model geometry --- laser scanning --- machine diagnostics --- LHD --- engine oil pressure data --- oil pump wear --- statistical analysis --- convergence functions --- numerical modeling --- high horizontal stress --- excavations stability assessment --- mobile laser scanning --- Velodyne LiDAR --- Riegl scanning system --- open pit mine --- underground laboratory --- new ways of mine reclamation --- sustainability --- circular economy --- radar interferometry --- subsidence trough --- automatic detection --- mathematical morphology --- n/a --- Waddawalla / Well 40 (Great Sandy Desert WA SF51-08)

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This book captures advancements in the applications of computational intelligence (artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc.) to problems in the mineral and mining industries. The papers present the state of the art in four broad categories: mine operations, mine planning, mine safety, and advances in the sciences, primarily in image processing applications. Authors in the book include both researchers and industry practitioners.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- truck dispatching --- mining equipment uncertainties --- orebody uncertainty --- discrete event simulation --- Q-learning --- grinding circuits --- minerals processing --- random forest --- decision trees --- machine learning --- knowledge discovery --- variable importance --- mineral prospectivity mapping --- random forest algorithm --- epithermal gold --- unstructured data --- blast impact --- empirical model --- mining --- fragmentation --- mine worker fatigue --- random forest model --- health and safety management --- stockpiles --- operational data --- mine-to-mill --- geostatistics --- ore control --- mine optimization --- digital twin --- modes of operation --- geological uncertainty --- multivariate statistics --- partial least squares regression --- oil sands --- bitumen extraction --- bitumen processability --- mine safety and health --- accidents --- narratives --- natural language processing --- random forest classification --- hyperspectral imaging --- multispectral imaging --- dimensionality reduction --- neighbourhood component analysis --- artificial intelligence --- mining exploitation --- masonry buildings --- damage risk analysis --- Bayesian network --- Naive Bayes --- Bayesian Network Structure Learning (BNSL) --- rock type --- mining geology --- bluetooth beacon --- classification and regression tree --- gaussian naïve bayes --- k-nearest neighbors --- support vector machine --- transport route --- transport time --- underground mine --- tactical geometallurgy --- data analytics in mining --- ball mill throughput --- measurement while drilling --- non-additivity --- coal --- petrographic analysis --- macerals --- image analysis --- semantic segmentation --- convolutional neural networks --- point cloud scaling --- fragmentation size analysis --- structure from motion

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The subject of this book is ""Biofuel and Bioenergy Technology"". It aims to publish high-quality review and research papers, addressing recent advances in biofuel and bioenergy. State-of-the-art studies of advanced techniques of biorefinery for biofuel production are also included. Research involving experimental studies, recent developments, and novel and emerging technologies in this field are covered. This book contains twenty-seven technical papers which cover diversified biofuel and bioenergy technology-related research that have shown critical results and contributed significant findings to the fields of biomass processing, pyrolysis, bio-oil and its emulsification; transesterification and biodiesel, gasification and syngas, fermentation and biogas/methane, bioethanol and alcohol-based fuels, solid fuel and biochar, and microbial fuel cell and power generation development. The published contents relate to the most important techniques and analyses applied in the biofuel and bioenergy technology.

equilibrium model --- simulation --- syngas --- waste biomass --- calcination --- polymer electrolyte membrane --- combined pretreatment --- anaerobic digestion --- alkali pretreatment --- validation --- biodiesel --- synergistic effect --- relative humidity --- unbleached paper --- synergistic effects --- waste wood --- RSM --- stone fruit --- corn stover --- microbial community --- fatty acid methyl ester --- acid pretreatment --- energy exchange --- coal-fired flue-gas --- bio-electro-Fenton microbial fuel cells (Bio-E-Fenton MFCs) --- SOFC --- lignocellulose --- bio-oils --- diesel --- seed oil --- Clostridiales --- liquefaction --- sewage sludge --- counter-flow structure --- lignin recovery --- Vietnam --- iodine value --- hydrodynamic boundary layer --- energy yield --- second-generation biodiesel --- CHO index --- Jerusalem artichoke --- Carica papaya --- mass yield --- biochemical methane potential --- Chlorella --- engine performance --- emulsification --- single cell oil --- chemical oxygen demand (COD) --- anaerobic fermentation --- superabsorbent polymer --- isopropanol --- viscosity --- esterification --- mathematical modeling --- charge transfer resistance --- ball mill --- Annona muricata --- membrane bioreactors --- ethanol organosolv --- direct transesterification --- Methanothermobacter --- screening --- Rhodotorula glutinis --- pyrolytic oil --- acetone --- soursop --- degradation --- torrefaction --- alcohols --- electroactive biofilm --- nitric acid --- organosolv pretreatment --- optimisation --- digester performance --- biodiesel production --- air-steam gasification --- acidity index --- prairie cord grass --- thermophoretic force --- recirculation mode --- wastewater --- alkanes --- tar --- biogas production --- two-step process --- thermogravimetric analysis --- electrochemical hydrogenation --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- herbaceous biomass --- hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio --- solid biofuel --- biodiesel testing --- catalyst --- exergy --- membrane contamination --- characterisation --- Nejayote --- methane --- photo catalyst --- gross calorific value --- bioreactors --- wastewater treatment --- response surface methodology --- MFC --- redox potential reduction --- microbial biofuel --- ethanol fermentation --- mechanical durability --- Van Krevelen diagram --- biodiesel property --- direct interspecies electron transfer --- lignocellulosic biomass --- methane and carbon dioxide conversion --- liquid lipase --- non-premixed combustion --- hydrogen-producing bacteria --- surfactant --- Taguchi method --- shear rate --- carbon dioxide --- calorific value --- biomass fuel --- granular activated carbon --- porosity --- biogas --- Miscanthus --- mixotrophic cultivation --- first-law/second-law efficiency --- voltage --- microbial community composition --- small-scale biogas plants --- mechanical pretreatment --- developing countries --- transesterification --- process stability --- co-surfactant --- thermophilic anaerobic digestion --- tri-reforming process --- metabolic engineering --- exergy efficiency