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Hamadryas baboon --- Social behavior in animals. --- Behavior.

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In a tale that begins at a zoo in Zurich and takes us across the deserts of Ethiopia to the Asir Mountains in Saudi Arabia, Hans Kummer recreates the adventure and intellectual thrill of the early days of field research on primates. Just as Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey introduced readers to the fascinating lives of chimpanzees and gorillas, Kummer brings us face to face with the Hamadryas baboon. With their furry white mantles and gleaming red hindquarters, the Hamadryas appear frequently in the art of the ancient Egyptians--who may have interpreted the baboons' early morning grooming rituals as sun-worshiping rites. Back then, Hamadryas were thought to be incarnates of Thoth, the god of wisdom; today they are considered to have one of the most highly structured social systems among primates, very close, in some respects, to that of humans. In the 1960s, Kummer, after conflicts with nomadic warriors, managed to track down these elusive baboons near the Danakil Desert, and then followed them from dawn to dusk on their treks from one feeding place to another. His scientific account of this period reads like a travel memoir as he describes his encounters with the Hamadryas and the people with whom they share the desert. Winding his way through cliffs and stubble, Kummer records the baboons' social life, from the development of pair relationships to the way an entire group decides where to march each day. Much like the human nomads who cope with the harsh demands of the desert environment, the Hamadryas maintain a society that is strict and patriarchal in its details but multilayered and flexible in its largest units. We learn, for example, of the Hamadryas' respect for possession that protects family structure and of the cohesion among family leaders that lessens the threat of battle. At the same time, clear-cut personalities emerge from Kummer's account, drawing us into the life stories and power struggles of individual baboons. Whereas this rich detail holds many implications for natural scientists, the colorful way it comes to life makes for a compelling book bound to entertain and educate all readers.Originally published in 1995.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Social behavior in animals. --- Hamadryas baboon --- Behavior. --- Social behavior in animal.

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Le bien-être animal est une notion complexe de grand intérêt au sein des parcs animaliers, des centres d’élevage et des laboratoires. Le bien-être est classiquement défini d’après les cinq libertés : ne pas souffrir de soif, de faim et de malnutrition ; l’absence d’inconfort thermique et physique ; l’absence de douleur, de blessure et de maladie ; l’absence de peur ou de détresse ; la liberté d’exprimer son comportement normal. L’évaluation du bien-être passe par de nombreux indicateurs. Les indicateurs comportementaux tiennent compte du répertoire comportemental de l’espèce dont les comportements affiliatifs, agonistiques et autodirigés (ou de déplacement) mais également les comportements anormaux et les stéréotypies. À cela s’ajoute les indicateurs physiques reprenant les blessures, la morphométrie des individus mais également la qualité du pelage et l’alopécie. Enfin, les derniers indicateurs physiologiques concernent notamment les dosages hormonaux de glucocorticoïdes associés à la réponse au stress. Chez les primates, tous ces indicateurs peuvent être influencés notamment par le statut hiérarchique ou social, le sexe, le statut reproducteur ainsi que les conditions de captivité. Le but de ce travail était de mesurer certains indicateurs (comportementaux et morphologiques), d’analyser l’influence des caractéristiques sociales (position dans le réseau social et hiérarchie) et individuelles (âge, sexe, statut reproducteur et type de stérilisation) dans une population de babouins de Guinée (Papio papio) captifs, dont la reproduction est empêchée. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé de manière non-invasive des observations comportementales (focaux continus et scans de proximité), généré le réseau social et hiérarchique du groupe, et mesuré certains paramètres morphométriques (suivi de l’alopécie, des blessures et photogrammétrie). Contrairement à nos prédictions, nous n’avons pas trouvé que les individus subordonnés exprimaient davantage de comportements autodirigés, ou présentaient une corpulence plus fine et davantage d’alopécie que les dominants. Par contre, les mâles commettaient plus d’agressions que les femelles et présentaient une plus grande occurrence de blessures. Comme attendu, les mâles castrés étaient morphologiquement moins corpulents que les mâles vasectomisés. Concernant les femelles, la hiérarchie n’influençait pas les différents indicateurs, contrairement à la présence d’enfant non sevré. Les femelles lactantes recevaient moins d’agressions, exprimaient moins de comportements autodirigés et présentaient peu d’alopécie reflétant ainsi l’impact apparemment positif de la présence d’enfant. En conclusion, notre étude ayant été réalisée peu de temps après les stérilisations, un suivi sur le long terme est nécessaire afin d’évaluer les changements possibles concernant le bien-être et les dynamiques sociales chez les femelles suite à l’absence totale et prolongée de nouveaux jeunes. Par ailleurs, combinée à cette approche comportementale, une étude hormonale quantifiant le taux de glucocorticoïdes des individus (e.g. métabolites fécaux de cortisol) est à envisager afin de consolider l’évaluation du niveau de stress des animaux.

Guinea baboon --- Animal welfare --- Babouin de Guinée --- Bien-être animal --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Psychologie animale, éthologie & psychobiologie

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Yellow baboon --- Social hierarchy in animals --- Sexual behavior in animals --- Papio --- BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL --- Behavior --- Dominance organization in animals --- Hook order --- Peck order --- Peck right hierarchy --- Pecking order --- Rank order (Social hierarchy in animals) --- Animal behavior --- Social behavior in animals --- Animals --- Breeding behavior --- Copulation behavior in animals --- Copulation in animals --- Copulatory behavior in animals --- Copulatory pattern (Animal behavior) --- Mating behavior --- Reproductive behavior --- Sex behavior in animals --- Sexual behavior --- Yellow baboon - Behavior

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Asymmetry is an inherent characteristic of brain organization in both humans and other vertebrate species, and is evident at the behavioral, neurophysiological, and structural levels. Brain asymmetry underlies the organization of several cognitive systems, such as emotion, communication, and spatial processing. Despite this ubiquity of asymmetries in the vertebrate brain, we are only beginning to understand the complex neuronal mechanisms underlying the interaction between hemispheric asymmetries and cognitive systems. Unfortunately, despite the vast number of empirical studies on brain asymmetries, theoretical models that aim to provide mechanistic explanations of hemispheric asymmetries are sparse in the field. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to highlight empirically based mechanistic models of brain asymmetry. Overall, six theoretical and four empirical articles were published in the Special Issue, covering a wide range of topics, from human handedness to auditory laterality in bats. Two key challenges for theoretical models of brain asymmetry are the integration of increasingly complex molecular data into testable models, and the creation of theoretical models that are robust and testable across different species.

Silbo Gomero --- whistle language --- cerebral lateralization --- brain asymmetry --- dichotic listening task --- situs inversus --- heterotaxy --- visceral asymmetry --- vertebrate asymmetry --- human laterality --- left-right differentiation --- brain torque --- ciliopathy --- parrots --- footedness --- brain mass --- body mass --- nidopallium --- optic tectum --- optic tecta --- Wulst --- lateral asymmetry --- finite element method --- electrical field potential --- dipole moment --- power --- EEG --- bilateria --- cerebral asymmetry --- handedness --- language --- molecular asymmetry --- situs --- primary auditory cortex (A1) --- Doppler-shifted constant frequency (DSCF) --- mustached bat --- sex differences --- amplitude --- spectral --- temporal --- hemispheric specialization --- social communication --- frequency modulation (FM) --- neurodevelopment --- GWAS --- heritability --- quantitative trait --- polygenic scores --- avian brain --- brain asymmetries --- hemispheric lateralization --- ontogeny --- epigenetic --- neuronal plasticity --- visual system --- cerebral polymorphisms --- cerebral dominance --- DC model --- genetics --- polygenic model --- bilateral language --- functional modules --- language evolution --- lateralization --- MRI --- baboon --- development --- language areas --- neuroscience --- brain --- asymmetry --- laterality --- functional hemispheric asymmetries --- structural hemispheric asymmetries --- theoretical models