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Gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two phytohormones that antagonistically regulate plant growth, as well as several developmental processes from seed maturation and germination to flowering time, through hypocotyl elongation and root growth. In general, ABA and GAs inhibit and promote cell elongation and growth, respectively. Consequently, this mutual antagonism between GAs and ABA governs many developmental decisions in plants. In addition to its role as a growth and development modulator, ABA is primarily known for being a major player in the response and adaptation of plants to diverse abiotic stress conditions, including cold, heat, drought, salinity and flooding. Remarkably, different works have also recently pointed to a function for GAs in the control of some biological processes in response to stress. The selection of research and review papers of this book, mostly focused on ABA, covers a wide range of topics related to the most recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of ABA and GA functions in plants.

particle film technology --- xanthophylls --- VAZ cycle --- drought --- Vitis vinifera L. --- abscisic acid --- ABA --- ethylene --- pathogens --- plant immunity --- PYR1 --- salicylic acid --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- cell expansion --- gibberellins --- hypocotyl growth --- transcriptomic analysis --- plant hormones --- plant size --- receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase --- skotomorphogenesis --- Mediator complex --- transcription --- ABA signaling --- abiotic stress response --- grapevine --- stomata --- metabolism --- carbohydrates --- salinity --- chromatin remodeling --- guard cell --- osmotic stress --- protein phosphatase 2C --- stress memory --- transgenerational inheritance --- abscisic acid (ABA) --- flowering time --- Arabidopsis --- drought escape --- bZIP --- GIGANTEA --- CONSTANS --- FLOWERING LOCUS T --- FD --- citrus --- fruit maturation --- hormonal interplay --- sugars --- n/a

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Salt stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses because most crop plants are susceptible to salinity to different degrees. According to the FAO, about 800 million Has of land are affected by salinity worldwide. Unfortunately, this situation will worsen in the context of climate change, where there will be an overall increase in temperature and a decrease in average annual rainfall worldwide. This Special Issue presents different research works and reviews on the response of plants to salinity, focused from different points of view: physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Although an important part of the studies on the response to salinity have been carried out with Arabidopsis plants, the use of other species with agronomic interest is also notable, including woody plants. Most of the conducted studies in this Special Issue were focused on the identification and characterization of candidate genes for salt tolerance in higher plants. This identification would provide valuable information about the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in the salt tolerance response, and it also supplies important resources to breeding programs for salt tolerance in plants.

soluble nutrients --- transcription factor --- n/a --- CDPK --- salicylic acid --- antioxidant enzymes --- light saturation point --- phytohormone --- ion homeostasis --- antioxidant systems --- photosynthesis --- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii --- high salinity --- nitric oxide --- poplars (Populus) --- root activity --- abiotic stresses --- transcriptional activator --- germination --- ABA --- transcriptome --- mandelonitrile --- redox homeostasis --- association mapping. --- redox signalling --- osmotic stress --- flax --- strigolactones --- salt tolerance --- nucleolin --- CaDHN5 --- photosystem --- EST-SSR --- NMT --- Sapium sebiferum --- Gossypium arboretum --- SOS --- Brassica napus --- SnRK2 --- HKT1 --- grapevine --- transcription factors --- cucumber --- underpinnings of salt stress responses --- abiotic stress --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- RNA-seq --- halophytes --- single nucleotide polymorphisms --- dehydrin --- J8-1 plum line --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- natural variation --- hydrogen peroxide --- salt stress --- lipid peroxidation --- ROS detoxification --- ROP --- molecular mechanisms --- cell membrane injury --- booting stage --- ascorbate cycle --- banana (Musa acuminata L.) --- iTRAQ quantification --- ROS --- Na+ --- Capsicum annuum L. --- bZIP transcription factors --- multiple bioactive constituents --- NaCl stress --- physiological changes --- VOZ --- transcriptional regulation --- genome-wide identification --- Apocyni Veneti Folium --- impairment of photosynthesis --- salt-stress --- Oryza sativa --- reactive oxygen species --- lipid accumulation --- polyamines --- multivariate statistical analysis --- DEUs --- salinity --- TGase --- Salt stress --- Prunus domestica --- proteomics --- Arabidopsis --- RNA binding protein --- rice --- glycophytes --- SsMAX2 --- drought --- genome-wide association study --- transcriptome analysis --- signal pathway --- melatonin --- MaROP5g