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Axonal Transport --- Axonal Transport --- immunology. --- physiology.

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Cerebral dominance. --- Axonal transport. --- Laterality. --- Dominance cérébrale --- Flux axonal --- Latéralité

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Recent years have witnessed striking advances in research on axons at a cellular level that substantially impact our current understanding of axonal biology. Newer findings and their ramifications are critically reviewed in the 16 chapters of this volume by authors highly qualified by virtue of their scientific contributions to research areas they know and write about. Five basic areas (I to V) germane to axonal biology are highlighted, beginning with (I) signaling interactions mediating myelination, and differentiation of axonal membrane domains; (IIa) issues surrounding organization and transport dynamics of neurofilaments in axons, (IIb) mechanisms regulating microtubule organization and dynamics, misregulation of which causes axonal degeneration, and (IIc) the roles actin binding proteins play in regulating organization and functions of the actin filament system in mature and growing axons; (IIIa) myosin motor proteins and cargoes intrinsic to the axon compartment, (IIIb) mitochondrial transport motors, and imperatives governing transport dynamics and directional delivery, (IIIc) mechanisms mediating retrograde signaling associated with NGF’s role in trophic-dependent neuronal survival, and (IIId) potential for impaired subcellular targeting of a -synuclein as a mechanism for accumulation of Lewy body inclusions in synucleinopathies; (IVa) occurrence and organization of discrete ribosome-containing domains in axons, (IVb) endogenous mRNAs, classes of proteins translated locally, and RNP trafficking in axons, (IVc) importance of locally synthesized nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins for maintenance, function and survival of axons, (IVd) occurrence of RNA trafficking from glial cells to axons, and significance glial RNA transcripts may play in expression in axons and axon terminals, (IVe) RNA trafficking and localization of RNA transcripts in axonal growth cones, and signaling pathways that modulate local protein synthesis for directional elongation, and (IVf) genetic and molecular defects underlying spinal muscular atrophy, and roles that SMN gene product plays as a molecular chaperone in mRNA transport and translation; (Va) injury-induced local synthesis of a protein forming a retrograde signaling complex in axons to stimulate regeneration, and (Vb) endogenous and exogenous factors that condition axonal regenerative capacity in PNS and CNS, including injury-induced activation of specific genes governing regeneration. Emergent complexities revealed in this volume compel a major revision in the traditional conceptual model of the axon’s intrinsic makeup and capacities.

Axonal transport. --- Axons -- Physiology. --- Axons. --- Axons --- Axonal transport --- Physiology --- Axonal Transport --- Cytoplasmic Streaming --- Neurons --- Cell Surface Extensions --- Nerve Fibers --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Cells --- Cellular Structures --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Biological Transport --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Anatomy --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Metabolism --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Nervous System --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Neuroscience --- Cytology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Physiology. --- Nerve axons --- Axonal flow --- Axoplasmic flow --- Axoplasmic transport --- Flow, Axoplasmic --- Neuroplasmic flow --- Transport, Axonal --- Life sciences. --- Neurochemistry. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Biological transport --- Protoplasmic streaming --- Cytology. --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists --- Composition

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Without a cytoskeleton, a neuron or glial cell would be a shapeless jelly mass unable to function in the milieu of the brain. If we are to understand neuronal cells function in health and disease, we must determine how the cytoskeleton forms and contributes to neural physiology and pathobiology. Cytoskeleton of the Nervous System provides a comprehensive, authoritative and up-to-date account of what we now know and what we want to know in the near future--about the functioning of the cytoskeleton of neuronal cells at the molecular level. In lively accounts, which are unafraid to address controversy, Cytoskeleton of the Nervous System introduces readers to the most sophisticated concepts and latest discoveries: from overexpression systems to knock-out models for specific cytoskeletal proteins, from continuous transport assays in vivo to live-cell imaging in primary neurons, and from factors regulating cytoskeleton behavior to the dysregulation of these processes leading to neurological disease.

Cytoskeleton -- physiology. --- Cytoskeleton. --- Nervous system -- Cytopathology. --- Cytoskeleton --- Nervous system --- Cells --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Cytoplasmic Structures --- Cytoplasmic Streaming --- Physiological Processes --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Anatomy --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Phenomena and Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Biological Transport --- Cytoplasm --- Physiological Phenomena --- Intracellular Space --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Metabolism --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Cellular Structures --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Axonal Transport --- Nervous System --- Growth and Development --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Neurons --- Physiology --- Medicine --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cytology --- Neurology --- Cytopathology --- Neurobiology. --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Neurosciences --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences

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This compilation focuses on recent advances in the molecular and cellular understandingof neuromuscular biology, and the treatment of neuromuscular disease.These advances are at the forefront of modern molecular methodologies, oftenintegrating across wet-lab cell and tissue models, dry-lab computational approaches,and clinical studies. The continuing development and application ofmultiomics methods offer particular challenges and opportunities in the field,not least in the potential for personalized medicine.

Research & information: general --- LMNA --- Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy --- Omics --- ALS --- MND --- ALS variants --- genotype-phenotype --- ALS genes --- FSHD --- DUX4 --- transcription --- muscle --- regulation --- spinal muscular atrophy --- adult patients --- disease heterogeneity --- Nusinersen --- disease modifiers --- functional outcomes --- biomarkers --- epigenetic changes --- -omics approaches --- oxidative stress --- mitochondria dysfunction --- axonal transport --- autophagy --- endocytosis --- secretion --- excitotoxicity --- RNA metabolism --- Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) --- exon-skipping therapies --- next-generation sequencing (NGS) --- Sanger sequencing --- multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) --- multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- comparative genomic hybridization array (CGH) --- viltolarsen --- eteplirsen --- golodirsen --- rheumatoid arthritis --- SNP --- DMARD --- methotrexate --- pharmacogenomics --- Duchenne muscular dystrophy --- pharmacodynamic biomarkers --- prednisone --- deflazacort --- glucocorticoids --- corticosteroids --- safety --- neuromuscular diseases --- translational research --- disease models --- precision medicine --- miRNA --- proteomics --- calprotectin --- dystrophy --- Becker muscular dystrophy --- dystrophinopathy --- genotype-phenotype correlations --- Canadian Neuromuscular Disease Registry --- reading frame rule --- dystrophin --- multiple logistic regression analysis --- exon skipping therapy --- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis --- machine learning --- genome-wide association studies --- GWAS --- genomics --- ALS pathology --- gene prioritization --- AAV --- genetic neuromuscular disorders --- gene therapy --- clinical trials --- toxicity --- SMA --- DMD --- XLMTM --- facioscapulohumeral dystrophy --- TALEN --- CRISPR-Cas9 --- gene editing --- polyadenylation --- D4Z4 --- duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) --- becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) --- exon skipping --- skip-equivalent deletions --- LMNA --- Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy --- Omics --- ALS --- MND --- ALS variants --- genotype-phenotype --- ALS genes --- FSHD --- DUX4 --- transcription --- muscle --- regulation --- spinal muscular atrophy --- adult patients --- disease heterogeneity --- Nusinersen --- disease modifiers --- functional outcomes --- biomarkers --- epigenetic changes --- -omics approaches --- oxidative stress --- mitochondria dysfunction --- axonal transport --- autophagy --- endocytosis --- secretion --- excitotoxicity --- RNA metabolism --- Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) --- exon-skipping therapies --- next-generation sequencing (NGS) --- Sanger sequencing --- multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) --- multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- comparative genomic hybridization array (CGH) --- viltolarsen --- eteplirsen --- golodirsen --- rheumatoid arthritis --- SNP --- DMARD --- methotrexate --- pharmacogenomics --- Duchenne muscular dystrophy --- pharmacodynamic biomarkers --- prednisone --- deflazacort --- glucocorticoids --- corticosteroids --- safety --- neuromuscular diseases --- translational research --- disease models --- precision medicine --- miRNA --- proteomics --- calprotectin --- dystrophy --- Becker muscular dystrophy --- dystrophinopathy --- genotype-phenotype correlations --- Canadian Neuromuscular Disease Registry --- reading frame rule --- dystrophin --- multiple logistic regression analysis --- exon skipping therapy --- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis --- machine learning --- genome-wide association studies --- GWAS --- genomics --- ALS pathology --- gene prioritization --- AAV --- genetic neuromuscular disorders --- gene therapy --- clinical trials --- toxicity --- SMA --- DMD --- XLMTM --- facioscapulohumeral dystrophy --- TALEN --- CRISPR-Cas9 --- gene editing --- polyadenylation --- D4Z4 --- duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) --- becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) --- exon skipping --- skip-equivalent deletions