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Authoritarianism --- Democracy --- Autoritarisme --- Démocratie --- Democratic and Authoritarian Regimes --- Political Essays --- Démocratie --- Democracy - Congresses --- Authoritarianism - Congresses

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"Political (In)Justice compares the legal aspects of political repression in three recent military regimes: Brazil (1964-1985), Chile (1973-1990), and Argentina (1976-1983). By focusing on political trials as a reflection of each regime's overall approach to the law, Anthony Pereira argues that the practice of each regime can be explained by examining the prior relationship between the judiciary and the military."--Jacket.

Rule of law --- Authoritarianism --- Political science --- Authority --- Supremacy of law --- Administrative law --- Constitutional law --- 89.36 authoritarian systems (political science). --- Argentina. --- Authoritarian regimes. --- Authoritarianism. --- Autoritarisme --- Brazil. --- Chile. --- Constitutional state. --- Legal systems. --- Politische Verfolgung. --- Recht. --- Rule of law. --- Règle de droit --- Geschichte 1964-1985. --- Geschichte 1973-1990. --- Geschichte 1976-1983. --- Argentinien. --- Brasilien. --- Règle de droit

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This open access book analyses the domestic politics of African dominant party regimes, most notably African governments’ survival strategies, to explain their variance of opinions and responses towards the reforming policies of the EU. The author discredits the widespread assumption that the growing presence of China in Africa has made the EU’s task of supporting governance reforms difficult, positing that the EU’s good governance strategies resonate better with the survival strategies of governments in some dominant party regimes more so than others, regardless of Chinese involvement. Hackenesch studies three African nations – Angola, Ethiopia and Rwanda – which all began engaging with the EU on governance reforms in the early 2000s. She argues that other factors generally identified in the literature, such as the EU’s good governance strategies or economic dependence of the target country on the EU, have set additional incentives for African governments to not engage on governance reforms. .

Political science. --- Economic development. --- Political Science and International Relations. --- International Political Economy. --- Development Studies. --- European Union Politics. --- European Economics. --- Asian Economics. --- African Economics. --- European Union. --- Asia --- Economic conditions. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- E.U. --- Political economy. --- Europe—Economic conditions. --- Asia-Economic conditions. --- Africa—Economic conditions. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Economic man --- Asia—Economic conditions. --- Europe --- Africa --- Political science --- EU --- China --- Rwanda --- Ethiopia --- Angola --- Survival strategy --- Governance --- Reform --- Economic dependence --- Paul Kagame --- 2005 Ethiopian general election --- African oil revenues --- Authoritarian regimes --- Party regimes

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From the 1980s through the first decade of the twenty-first century, the spread of democracy across the developing and post-Communist worlds transformed the global political landscape. What drove these changes and what determined whether the emerging democracies would stabilize or revert to authoritarian rule? Dictators and Democrats takes a comprehensive look at the transitions to and from democracy in recent decades. Deploying both statistical and qualitative analysis, Stephen Haggard and Robert Kaufman engage with theories of democratic change and advocate approaches that emphasize political and institutional factors. While inequality has been a prominent explanation for democratic transitions, the authors argue that its role has been limited, and elites as well as masses can drive regime change.Examining seventy-eight cases of democratic transition and twenty-five reversions since 1980, Haggard and Kaufman show how differences in authoritarian regimes and organizational capabilities shape popular protest and elite initiatives in transitions to democracy, and how institutional weaknesses cause some democracies to fail. The determinants of democracy lie in the strength of existing institutions and the public's capacity to engage in collective action. There are multiple routes to democracy, but those growing out of mass mobilization may provide more checks on incumbents than those emerging from intra-elite bargains.Moving beyond well-known beliefs regarding regime changes, Dictators and Democrats explores the conditions under which transitions to democracy are likely to arise.

Dictators --- Democracy --- Tyrants --- History. --- Heads of state --- Authoritarianism --- Democratization --- Democratization. --- New democracies. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political ideologies / Democracy. --- History --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Newly independent states --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Authority --- Since 1965 --- Third Wave. --- authoritarian regimes. --- autocracy. --- backsliding. --- class structure. --- collective action. --- coup. --- coups. --- democracy. --- democratic transitions. --- democratization. --- distributive conflict theories. --- distributive conflict. --- distributive conflicts. --- domestic politics. --- economic aid. --- economic crisis. --- economic development. --- economic performance. --- elite-led transitions. --- elite-reaction reversions. --- elites. --- ethnonationalist organizations. --- inequality. --- institutional strength. --- institutional weakness. --- institutions. --- international factors. --- leverage. --- linkage. --- low-income countries. --- mass mobilization. --- middle-income countries. --- military intervention. --- political entrepreneurs. --- political parties. --- populist reversions. --- praetorianism. --- regime change. --- repression. --- reverters. --- social organizations. --- survivors. --- transition paths. --- transitional elections. --- unions. --- weak democracy.

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Critical thinking is considered the civic virtue of a liberal democracy. Citizens who think for themselves, cooperate, and can agree to disagree are the hallmark of a self-governing society. Citizens of nondemocratic societies, however, are believed to lack this virtue. Authoritarian regimes, it is thought, smother critical discourse through fear and dull critical thought through the control of information and dissemination of propaganda. Since the end of Communist rule in 1989, Western agents of democratization and educational development have criticized the residents of the former Czechoslovakia for this deficiency. In fact, these critics aver that the Slovaks' inability to think critically is the reason the nation has struggled to integrate with Western Europe. Critical Thinking in Slovakia after Socialism interrogates the putative relationship between critical thought and society through an ethnographic study of civic discourse in post-1989 Slovakia. Drawing on original fieldwork as well as on anthropological theories of language and culture, Jonathan Larson uncovers traces of patterned elements of criticism throughout the Slovak political discourse. In addition he exposes ways that these discursive practices have been misinterpreted and overlooked, and outlines unexpected historical and interactive limitations on criticism. This important volume, bringing together scholarship on East Central Europe, liberalism, education, and the public sphere, gives students of modern history, political science, and economics fresh perspective on an essential civic skill. Jonathan L. Larson is Visiting Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Iowa.

Socialism. --- Post-communism. --- Politics and government. --- Critical thinking. --- Civil society. --- Socialism --- Post-communism --- Critical thinking --- Civil society --- Social contract --- Critical reflection --- Reflection (Critical thinking) --- Reflection process --- Reflective thinking --- Thinking, Critical --- Thinking, Reflective --- Thought and thinking --- Reflective learning --- Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Critical theory --- Slovakia. --- Slovakia --- Slowakei --- République slovaque --- Slovaquie --- Slovak Republic (1993- ) --- Slovenská Republika (1993- ) --- Republika Słowacka --- RS --- Slovakii︠a︡ --- Slovat︠s︡kai︠a︡ Respublika --- Eslovàquia --- Slovensko --- Slovak Socialist Republic (Czechoslovakia) --- Slovak Republic (Czechoslovakia) --- Czechoslovakia --- Slovakia (Czechoslovakia) --- Politics and government --- Evaluative thinking --- Authoritarian regimes. --- Civic discourse. --- Civic virtue. --- Control of information. --- Critical Thinking. --- Culture. --- Democratization. --- Educational development. --- Ethnographic study. --- Jonathan Larson. --- Language. --- Liberal democracy. --- Propaganda. --- Slovak political discourse. --- University of Iowa. --- Western agents.