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climate change --- reef restoration --- gardening --- ecological engineering --- assisted migration/colonization --- assisted genetics/evolution --- assisted microbiome --- epigenetics --- chimerism --- coral reefs --- macroalgae --- resilience --- species composition --- Taiwan --- coral reef --- marine national park --- nuclear power plant --- community dynamics --- Symbiodiniaceae --- long-term ecological data --- coral --- recruitment --- bleaching --- management --- restoration --- fishing --- tourism --- recovery --- Thailand --- thermal stress --- coral resilience --- bleaching events --- thermally-tolerant symbionts --- acclimatisation --- adaptation --- heterotrophy --- n/a

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A vivid, new portrait of Irish migration through the letters and diaries of those who fled their homeland during the Great FamineThe standard story of the exodus during Ireland's Great Famine is one of tired clichés, half-truths, and dry statistics. In The Coffin Ship, a groundbreaking work of transnational history, Cian T. McMahon offers a vibrant, fresh perspective on an oft-ignored but vital component of the migration experience: the journey itself.Between 1845 and 1855, over two million people fled Ireland to escape the Great Famine and begin new lives abroad. The so-called "coffin ships" they embarked on have since become infamous icons of nineteenth-century migration. The crews were brutal, the captains were heartless, and the weather was ferocious. Yet the personal experiences of the emigrants aboard these vessels offer us a much more complex understanding of this pivotal moment in modern history. Based on archival research on three continents and written in clear, crisp prose, The Coffin Ship analyzes the emigrants' own letters and diaries to unpack the dynamic social networks that the Irish built while voyaging overseas. At every step of the journey-including the treacherous weeks at sea-these migrants created new threads in the worldwide web of the Irish diaspora.Colored by the long-lost voices of the emigrants themselves, this is an original portrait of an overlooked aspect of the migration process that left an undeniable mark on their new lives overseas. An indispensable read, The Coffin Ship makes an ambitious argument for placing the sailing ship alongside the tenement and the factory floor as a central, dynamic element of migration history.

Seafaring life. --- Ocean travel --- Irish --- Immigrants --- Passenger ships --- Immigrants --- History --- History --- History --- History --- Ireland --- Great Britain --- Ireland --- Ireland --- Emigration and immigration --- History --- History --- American History. --- Assisted Migration. --- Black ‘47. --- Burials. --- Canals. --- Charity. --- Cholera. --- Cleanliness. --- Clothing. --- Communication. --- Community. --- Convict Transportation. --- Convicts. --- Delayed Departures. --- Discipline. --- Disembarkation. --- Embarkation. --- Emigrant Mortality Rates. --- Emigrant Relief. --- Family. --- Funerals. --- Gender. --- Hierarchy. --- Housing. --- Immigration. --- Landlords. --- Liverpool. --- Maritime History. --- Mourning. --- Popular Press. --- Power. --- Railroads. --- Remittances. --- Resistance. --- Sea Stores. --- Seas and Oceans. --- Social Class. --- Solidarity. --- Surgeons. --- Theft and fraud. --- Theft. --- Transnational. --- Transportation. --- Typhus. --- Violence. --- Walking. --- Work. --- Workhouses.

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Hardwood-dominated temperate forests (mostly in Eastern North America, Europe, North East Asia) provide valuable renewable timber and numerous ecosystem services. Many of these forests have been subjected to harvesting or conversion to agriculture, sometimes over centuries, that have greatly reduced their former extent and diversity. Natural regeneration following harvesting or during post-agricultural succession has often failed to restore these forests adequately. Past harvesting practices and the valuable timber of some species have led to a reduction in their abundance. The loss of apex predators has caused herbivore populations to increase and exert intense browsing pressure on hardwood regeneration, often preventing it. Particularly important are fruit, nut and acorn bearing species, because of their vital role in forest food webs and biodiversity. Restoring hardwood species to natural forests in which they were formerly more abundant will require a number of forest management actions (e.g., resistant hybrids, deer exclosures/protectors, enrichment planting, underplanting, etc.). Similarly, reforesting areas that were once natural forests will also require new silvicultural knowledge. Global warming trends will intensify the need for interventions to maintain the diversity and function of temperate hardwood forests, as well as for increase hardwood reforestation.

Fagaceae species --- soil disturbance --- non-timber forest products --- precision restoration --- protected landscape area --- tree selection --- cultural diversity --- Quercus rubra --- hardwood restoration --- enrichment planting --- sub-tropical hardwoods --- agroforestry --- herbicide effects --- biological diversity --- competition --- Juglans nigra L. --- understorey --- invasive plants --- wildfire --- forest restoration --- Quercus macrocarpa --- riparian forest restoration --- vegetation management --- assisted migration --- sugar maple --- deer browsing --- species composition --- tolerance --- phosphorus --- growth efficiency index --- floristic quality index --- shelterwood --- Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch --- monitoring --- indicators --- seed predation --- Bioclimatic niche --- non-parametric correlation --- unmanaged forest --- Native Americans --- abandoned agricultural field --- native mixed forests --- tree vigor --- forest diversity --- predation --- weed control --- nitrate --- facilitation --- inventory --- hardwoods --- Mexican tree species --- yellow birch --- tree plantation --- seedling establishment --- deer abundance --- avian guilds --- Pinus strobus L. --- Central Hardwood Forest region --- Pinus strobus --- Durango --- MaxEnt --- Juglans nigra --- oak regeneration --- forest regeneration --- Quercus rubra L. --- deer herbivory --- ecosystem services --- tree shelter

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Climatic change causes a mismatch between tree populations on sites they currently occupy and the climate to which they have adapted in the past. The maintenance of productivity and of ecological and societal services requires resilient populations and ecosystems, particularly close to the vulnerable trailing (xeric) range limits. The studies confirm the selective effect of diverse habitat/climate conditions across the species ranges. Soil conditions may mask climate effects and should be considered separately. The unique potential of provenance tests is illustrated by growth response projections that may be less dramatic than provided by usual inventory data analyses. Assisted migration appears to be a feasible management action to compensate for climatic warming. However, the choice of populations needs special care under extreme conditions and outside the limits of current natural distribution ranges. The proper differentiation of measures according to the present and future adaptive challenges require the continuation of long-term analyses and the establishment of better focused field trials in disparate climates that contain populations from a representative range of habitats. The studies present results obtained from diverse regions of the temperate forest zone, from Central and Northwestern Europe, the Mediterranean, Russia, China, North and Central America.

Camptotheca acuminata --- MaxEnt --- climateAP --- suitable habitat --- climate change --- soil --- genetic variation --- seed sourcing --- forest management --- genetic conservation --- Pinus sylvestris --- climate-change impacts --- ecosystem responses to climate --- species distributions --- climatype distributions --- adaptive management --- provenance test --- genecology --- reforestation --- restoration --- conservation --- assisted migration --- climatic change --- climate transfer distance --- dryness index --- Abies religiosa --- survival --- mortality --- biomass --- basal diameter --- Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve --- Picea abies --- field trials --- provenances --- families --- clones --- height growth --- phenotypic stability --- phenotypic plasticity --- mountain forest --- tree species selection --- Scots pine --- adaptation --- wood anatomy --- tracheidogram --- traits --- common garden --- silver fir --- grand fir --- Balkan firs --- drought stress --- resilience --- scots pine seed mass and seed zones --- a provenance trial --- bioclimatic models --- an ensemble of general circulation models --- RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios --- Russia --- n/a