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In this Special Issue on symmetry, we mainly discuss the application of symmetry in various structural health monitoring. For example, considering the health monitoring of a known structure, by obtaining the static or dynamic response of the structure, using different signal processing methods, including some advanced filtering methods, to remove the influence of environmental noise, and extract structural feature parameters to determine the safety of the structure. These damage diagnosis methods can also be effectively applied to various types of infrastructure and mechanical equipment. For this reason, the vibration control of various structures and the knowledge of random structure dynamics should be considered, which will promote the rapid development of the structural health monitoring. Among them, signal extraction and evaluation methods are also worthy of study. The improvement of signal acquisition instruments and acquisition methods improves the accuracy of data. A good evaluation method will help to correctly understand the performance with different types of infrastructure and mechanical equipment.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- real-time hybrid simulation --- H∞ control --- time delay --- mixed sensitivity --- structural health monitoring --- deep learning --- data anomaly detection --- convolutional neural network --- time–frequency extraction --- micro inertial measurement unit (MIMU) --- variational mode decomposition (VMD) --- Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) --- frequency-domain integration approach (FDIA) --- torsion angle calculation --- offshore oil platform --- self-anchored suspension bridge --- cable clamp --- slippage --- force analysis --- high formwork --- ARMA --- BPNN --- stress trend prediction --- crack detection --- improved YOLOv4 --- concrete surface --- substructure shake table testing --- integration algorithm --- finite element method --- damper --- digital twin --- prestressed steel structure --- construction process --- safety assessment --- intelligent construction --- structural health monitoring (SHM) --- vibration --- frequency domain --- time domain --- time-frequency domain --- technical codes --- multiple square loops (MSL)-string --- seismic excitation --- dynamic response --- seismic pulse --- near and far field --- three-dimensional laser scanning --- surface flatness of initial support of tunnel --- curved surface fitting --- flatness calculation datum --- curvedcontinuous girder bridge --- collision response --- seismic mitigation --- pounding mitigation and unseating prevention --- heavy-duty vehicle --- road --- coupling model --- terrestrial laser scanning --- RGB --- genetic algorithm --- artificial neutral network

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The Special Issue Machining—Recent Advances, Applications and Challenges is intended as a humble collection of some of the hottest topics in machining. The manufacturing industry is a varying and challenging environment where new advances emerge from one day to another. In recent years, new manufacturing procedures have retained increasing attention from the industrial and scientific community. However, machining still remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts. Continuous research is performed, and new ideas are constantly considered. This Special Issue summarizes selected high-quality papers which were submitted, peer-reviewed, and recommended by experts. It covers some (but not only) of the following topics: High performance operations for difficult-to-cut alloys, wrought and cast materials, light alloys, ceramics, etc.; Cutting tools, grades, substrates and coatings. Wear damage; Advanced cooling in machining: Minimum quantity of lubricant, dry or cryogenics; Modelling, focused on the reduction of risks, the process outcome, and to maintain surface integrity; Vibration problems in machines: Active and passive/predictive methods, sources, diagnosis and avoidance; Influence of machining in new concepts of machine–tool, and machine static and dynamic behaviors; Machinability of new composites, brittle and emerging materials; Assisted machining processes by high-pressure, laser, US, and others; Introduction of new analytics and decision making into machining programming. We wish to thank the reviewers and staff from Materials for their comments, advice, suggestions and invaluable support during the development of this Special Issue.

in situ estimation --- modeling --- simulation --- variable pitch --- X-ray diffraction --- cutting edge preparation --- plastic zone --- flank milling --- surface roughness --- power consumption --- cutting tool --- fatigue --- additive manufacturing --- optimization --- trochoidal step --- surface topography --- sinusoidal grid --- milling --- desirability approach --- electrochemical discharge machining --- fast simulation --- Inconel 718 --- secondary adhesion wear --- machinability --- hybrid stacks drilling --- cooling rate --- shape memory alloy --- residual stress --- diameter variation --- turning --- computer vision --- workholding --- on-machine monitoring --- chip morphology --- dry-cutting --- turning machine tools --- SACE-drilled hole depth --- residual stresses --- cryogenic machining --- prime machining costs --- PVD Ti0.41Al0.59N/Ti0.55Al0.45N coating --- single point incremental sheet forming --- butt weld joint --- dish angle --- machining characteristic --- DSC test --- segmented diamond blade --- cutting tool wear --- ultra-precision machining --- ceramics --- shape memory effect --- current density --- fractal dimension --- crack growth rate --- drilling --- force–temperature correlation through analytical modeling --- finite element model --- analytic solution --- aluminium --- taguchi method --- multi-objective optimization --- real-time prediction --- Gamma-TiAl --- cutting temperature --- EN 31 steel --- superalloys --- material-removal rate --- glass machining --- corner radius --- thin-wall machining --- vibration --- GPU --- titanium aluminides --- minimum quantity lubrication --- machining temperatures at two deformation zones --- finite element method --- roughness --- slight materials --- high computational efficiency --- dynamic --- adhesive --- heat transfer analysis --- connections --- stability --- vibrations --- trochoidal milling --- magnesium alloys --- specific cutting energy --- laser-assisted machining --- artificial neutral network --- microscopic analysis --- Milling stability --- topography --- weight loss --- modal testing --- sustainable machining --- dry --- damping --- ductile machining --- Inconel® 718 --- modelling --- cutting edge microgeometry --- electropulsing --- PCD --- cutting geometry --- fixture --- artificial neural networks --- spark-assisted chemical engraving --- machining --- specific energy consumption --- heat transfer search algorithm --- material removal rate --- prediction --- CFRP/UNS A92024 --- tool wear --- titanium alloy --- multi-beam laser --- chip compression ratio --- design of experiments --- concrete --- ANN --- titanium --- chatter --- response surface methodology --- machine tool --- superelastic nitinol --- optimal machining conditions --- machine vision --- steel sheet --- cutting process --- fracture mechanism --- self-excitation --- tool insert condition --- induction assisted milling --- hole quality --- GA --- titanium alloys --- microlens array --- parameter identification --- Taguchi method --- weld reinforcement --- slow tool servo --- cutting parameters --- flank super abrasive machining (SAM) --- stiffness properties --- grey relational analysis --- deflection --- computer numerical control --- grain density --- surface grinding --- the cutting force components --- Huber–Mises stress --- WEDM