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The huge changes in the landscape as a result of the Christian conversion of East Anglia are examined in this multi-disciplinary study. The conversion to Christianity of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of East Anglia left huge marks on the area, both metaphorical and literal. Drawing on both the surviving documentary sources, and on the eastern region's rich archaeological record, this book presents the first multi-disciplinary synthesis of the process. It begins with an analysis of the historical framework, followed by an examination of the archaeological evidence for the establishment of missionary stations within the region's ruinous Roman forts and earthwork enclosures. It argues that the effectiveness of the Christian mission is clearly visible in the region's burial record, which exhibits a number of significant changes, including the cessation of cremation. The conversion can also be seen in the dramatic upheavals which occurred in the East Anglian landscape, including changes in the relationship between settlements and cemeteries, and thefoundation of a number of different types of Christian cemetery. Ultimately, it shows that far from being the preserve of kings, the East Anglian conversion was widespread at a grassroots level, changing the nature of the Anglo-Saxon landscape forever.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- East Anglia (England) --- Church history. --- History --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Anglo-Saxon kingdom. --- Christian cemetery. --- Christian conversion. --- East Anglia. --- RICHARD HOGGETT. --- Roman forts. --- archaeological record. --- cemeteries. --- cremation. --- documentary sources. --- earthwork enclosures. --- landscape changes. --- missionary stations. --- settlements.

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In How Chiefs Became Kings, Patrick Vinton Kirch addresses a central problem in anthropological archaeology: the emergence of "archaic states" whose distinctive feature was divine kingship. Kirch takes as his focus the Hawaiian archipelago, commonly regarded as the archetype of a complex chiefdom. Integrating anthropology, linguistics, archaeology, traditional history, and theory, and drawing on significant contributions from his own four decades of research, Kirch argues that Hawaiian polities had become states before the time of Captain Cook's voyage (1778-1779). The status of most archaic states is inferred from the archaeological record. But Kirch shows that because Hawai`i's kingdoms were established relatively recently, they could be observed and recorded by Cook and other European voyagers. Substantive and provocative, this book makes a major contribution to the literature of precontact Hawai`i and illuminates Hawai`i's importance in the global theory and literature about divine kingship, archaic states, and sociopolitical evolution.

Chiefdoms --- Hawaiians --- First contact (Anthropology) --- History. --- Kings and rulers. --- Politics and government. --- ancient hawaii. --- ancient history. --- anthropology. --- archaeological record. --- archaeology. --- archaic states. --- captain cook. --- chiefdom. --- cultural social. --- divine kingship. --- european voyagers. --- global theory. --- hawaiian archipelago. --- hawaiian politics. --- historical anthropology. --- historical. --- island life. --- kings. --- leadership roles. --- linguistics. --- nonfiction. --- politics. --- polities. --- power struggle. --- precontact hawaii. --- research. --- social science. --- sociopolitical evolution. --- theoretical perspective. --- traditional history.

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Travis Rayne Pickering argues that the advent of ambush hunting approximately two million years ago marked a milestone in human evolution, one that established the social dynamic that allowed our ancestors to expand their range and diet. He challenges the traditional link between aggression and human predation, however, claiming that while aggressive attack is a perfectly efficient way for our chimpanzee cousins to kill prey, it was a hopeless tactic for early human hunters, who-in comparison to their large, potentially dangerous prey-were small, weak, and slow-footed. Technology that evolved from wooden spears to stone-tipped spears and ultimately to the bow and arrow increased the distance between predator and prey and facilitated an emotional detachment that allowed hunters to stalk and kill large game. Based on studies of humans and of other primates, as well as on fossil and archaeological evidence, Rough and Tumble offers a new perspective on human evolution by decoupling ideas of aggression and predation to build a more realistic understanding of what it is to be human.

Hunting, Prehistoric. --- Hunting and gathering societies. --- Fossil hominids. --- Human evolution. --- Social evolution. --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Culture --- Evolution --- Social change --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human beings --- Early man --- Fossil hominins --- Fossil man --- Hominids, Fossil --- Hominins, Fossil --- Human fossils --- Human remains (Archaeology) --- Primates, Fossil --- Paleoanthropology --- Food gathering societies --- Gathering and hunting societies --- Hunter-gatherers --- Hunting, Primitive --- Ethnology --- Subsistence hunting --- Hunting and foraging, Prehistoric --- Hunting and gathering, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric hunting --- Origin --- aggression. --- aggressive attack. --- ancestors. --- anthropology. --- ape men. --- archaeological evidence. --- archaeological record. --- archaeology. --- archeology. --- biology. --- dark. --- diet and evolution. --- early human hunters. --- emotional detachment. --- engaging. --- evolution. --- historical. --- history. --- hopeless tactic. --- human aggressiveness. --- human evolution. --- human hunters. --- human predation. --- hunter gatherers. --- hunting. --- intense. --- large game hunters. --- life sciences. --- man versus nature. --- man vs nature. --- popular science. --- proto humans. --- social science. --- wooden spears.