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Dissertation
Monitoring et méthodes alternatives de lutte contre Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith dans la région du Centre-Ouest du Burkina Faso
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797) is a moth native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Reported in Burkina Faso since the 2017/2018 crop season, it is now present in all regions of the country. A survey on the management methods of the pest was carried nearby producers in the Centre-West region of Burkina Faso. In order to assess the impact of the pest on crops, monitoring was carried out using pheromone traps and scouting 20 vegetable growing plots and 30 cereal fields. Consumption tests on cabbage, onion, lettuce and tomato as well as biological efficacy tests of Azadirachta indica seed aqueous extract, leaf association of Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Ocimum americanum, commercial formulation of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thurengiensis were carried during this research. Investigations were carried to search for potential natural enemies. Infestations in maize fields started as soon as the season started, especially in the southern part of the region with average infestation rates of 71%. Sorghum and cabbage were also targets of the pest in the region. Chemical control with mainly avermectin insecticides is the main method of S. frugiperda control in the study area. All tested speculations were consumed by L3 stage larvae with cabbage as the most desired speculation (363.1 mg consumed after 72 hours). Aqueous extracts of neem seeds and the commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis gave satisfactory results in vitro and in greenhouse. Significant differences in the biomass consumption rate of seedlings treated with the different doses of these insecticides were observed compared to the untreated control. The LC50 for these two insecticides are 170 g/L and 8.73 g/L, respectively. Two potential parasitoids of the Tachinidae family and the Platygastridae family as well as nine potential predators were encountered during our investigations.


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Health-Promoting Effects of Traditional Foods
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Food cannot be only considered a combination of constituents with different nutritional values, but its relevance for humans can be fully understood by also taking into account other aspects such as history, culture, ecology, and the environment. Overall, assuming that access to food is secured for all people, traditional dietary patterns are considered safe in terms of longevity, healthy ageing, and morbidity. Indeed, healthy diets have been associated with a reduced risk and incidence of chronic degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, certain types of cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. In general, healthy dietary habits include a low consumption of refined sugars, red meat, and saturated fats, as well as a high intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, low-fat dairy products, and healthy lipids (from seafood). As an example, the Mediterranean diet can be considered the archetype of a health-promoting lifestyle by virtue of the phytochemical diversity of its food components.


Book
Health-Promoting Effects of Traditional Foods
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Food cannot be only considered a combination of constituents with different nutritional values, but its relevance for humans can be fully understood by also taking into account other aspects such as history, culture, ecology, and the environment. Overall, assuming that access to food is secured for all people, traditional dietary patterns are considered safe in terms of longevity, healthy ageing, and morbidity. Indeed, healthy diets have been associated with a reduced risk and incidence of chronic degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, certain types of cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. In general, healthy dietary habits include a low consumption of refined sugars, red meat, and saturated fats, as well as a high intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, low-fat dairy products, and healthy lipids (from seafood). As an example, the Mediterranean diet can be considered the archetype of a health-promoting lifestyle by virtue of the phytochemical diversity of its food components.


Book
Health-Promoting Effects of Traditional Foods
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

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Bookmark

Abstract

Food cannot be only considered a combination of constituents with different nutritional values, but its relevance for humans can be fully understood by also taking into account other aspects such as history, culture, ecology, and the environment. Overall, assuming that access to food is secured for all people, traditional dietary patterns are considered safe in terms of longevity, healthy ageing, and morbidity. Indeed, healthy diets have been associated with a reduced risk and incidence of chronic degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, certain types of cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. In general, healthy dietary habits include a low consumption of refined sugars, red meat, and saturated fats, as well as a high intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, low-fat dairy products, and healthy lipids (from seafood). As an example, the Mediterranean diet can be considered the archetype of a health-promoting lifestyle by virtue of the phytochemical diversity of its food components.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- Verbenaceae --- isoprenoids --- β-caryophyllene --- flavonoids --- anthocyanins --- antiradical capacity --- DPPH --- maqui --- murta --- calafate --- arrayán --- Chilean strawberry --- berries --- functional foods --- Mangifera indica --- mango --- UPLC --- ESI-MS --- polyphenols --- xanthonoids --- gallotannins --- hydroxybenzophenones --- mass spectrometry --- antioxidant --- antitumoral --- corn silk --- cumin --- tamarind --- aqueous extracts --- form --- postprandial glycemia --- postprandial insulinemia --- advanced glycation end products --- anti-glycation --- glycative stress --- glyoxalase --- methylglyoxal --- cytokine --- nutrients --- food composition --- African --- Caribbean --- macronutrients --- energy --- vitamins and minerals --- wild Italian Prunus spinosa L. fruit --- blackthorn --- phenolic compounds --- antimicrobial --- ceramides --- lipids --- functional food --- nutraceuticals --- traditional food --- Mediterranean diet --- Nordic diet --- overweight --- obesity --- cardiovascular disease --- bioactive phytochemicals --- Verbenaceae --- isoprenoids --- β-caryophyllene --- flavonoids --- anthocyanins --- antiradical capacity --- DPPH --- maqui --- murta --- calafate --- arrayán --- Chilean strawberry --- berries --- functional foods --- Mangifera indica --- mango --- UPLC --- ESI-MS --- polyphenols --- xanthonoids --- gallotannins --- hydroxybenzophenones --- mass spectrometry --- antioxidant --- antitumoral --- corn silk --- cumin --- tamarind --- aqueous extracts --- form --- postprandial glycemia --- postprandial insulinemia --- advanced glycation end products --- anti-glycation --- glycative stress --- glyoxalase --- methylglyoxal --- cytokine --- nutrients --- food composition --- African --- Caribbean --- macronutrients --- energy --- vitamins and minerals --- wild Italian Prunus spinosa L. fruit --- blackthorn --- phenolic compounds --- antimicrobial --- ceramides --- lipids --- functional food --- nutraceuticals --- traditional food --- Mediterranean diet --- Nordic diet --- overweight --- obesity --- cardiovascular disease --- bioactive phytochemicals

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