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Introduced aquatic organisms --- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program (U.S.)

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Both in Ethiopia and in the countries of East Africa, the continuing proliferation and spread of invasive alien species (IAS) is now recognized as a serious problem, which needs to be addressed. While this situation has improved dramatically over the past 10 years, further progress has been hampered by the absence, hitherto, of a comprehensive IAS database for the region. Countries in the region have repeatedly expressed the need for such a database, as a tool to assist in the identification of naturalized and invasive alien plant species, and in understanding their impacts, both existing and potential, while also providing pointers on what can be done to manage such species. This information is seen as essential, not only in enabling countries to develop effective IAS management strategies, but also in helping them to meet their obligations under various international agreements and treaties, including Article 8 (h) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Target 9 of the 2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets. In providing such a database, this Guide is intended to give the countries of eastern Africa the information they require, in order to be able to develop effective strategies for combating the growing menace posed by invasive alien plants. It is further hoped that this Guide will foster increased regional collaboration, in responding to the challenges of managing shared invasive plant species. The Guide is based on the findings of extensive roadside surveys, carried out throughout the region, and on a review of the literature pertaining to naturalization and/or invasiveness among alien plants in eastern Africa. By this means, scores of exotic plant species were found to have escaped from cultivation, and to have established populations in the 'wild', to the detriment of natural resources and the millions of people in the region who depend on these resources. Included in the Guide are descriptions of roughly 200 exotic plant species which are either invasive already or which are deemed to have the potential to become invasive in the region. The profiled species include aquatic invasive plants or waterweeds (seven species); vines, creepers or climbers (20 species); terrestrial herbs, shrubs, and succulents (more than 30 species of each), and trees (more than 60 species). Also profiled in this Guide are many exotic plant species which, although their current distribution in the region may still be relatively localized, nevertheless have the potential to become considerably more widespread and problematic. The wide range of habitats and climatic conditions found within Ethiopia and across East Africa make the region as a whole particularly prone to invasions by a host of introduced plant species. Such invasions are being facilitated by increased land degradation, especially through overgrazing and deforestation, and also by climate change.

Plant introduction --- Introduction of plants --- Botany, Economic --- Phytogeography --- Alien plants --- Exotic plants --- Pest introduction --- invasives --- nonindigenous species --- climatic change --- weed control --- aquatic species --- data banks --- aquatic organisms --- exotic species --- weeds --- aquatic plants --- climate change --- invasive organisms --- eukaryotes --- databases --- introduced organisms --- nonindigenous organisms --- Africa --- Plants --- invasive species --- non-native species --- Africa South of Sahara --- invasive alien species --- exotic organisms --- subsaharan Africa --- alien invasive species --- introduced species --- East Africa --- aquatic weeds --- non-indigenous organisms --- non-indigenous species --- non-native organisms

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When oil and gas exploration was expanding across Aotearoa New Zealand, Patricia Widener was there interviewing affected residents and environmental and climate activists, and attending community meetings and anti-drilling rallies. Exploration was occurring on an unprecedented scale when oil disasters dwelled in recent memory, socioecological worries were high, campaigns for climate action were becoming global, and transitioning toward a low carbon society seemed possible. Yet unlike other communities who have experienced either an oil spill, or hydraulic fracturing, or offshore exploration, or climate fears, or disputes over unresolved Indigenous claims, New Zealanders were facing each one almost simultaneously. Collectively, these grievances created the foundation for an organized civil society to construct and then magnify a comprehensive critical oil narrative--in dialogue, practice, and aspiration. Community advocates and socioecological activists mobilized for their health and well-being, for their neighborhoods and beaches, for Planet Earth and Planet Ocean, and for terrestrial and aquatic species and ecosystems. They rallied against toxic, climate-altering pollution; the extraction of fossil fuels; a myriad of historic and contemporary inequities; and for local, just, and sustainable communities, ecologies, economies, and/or energy sources. In this allied ethnography, "es are used extensively to convey the tenor of some of the country’s most passionate and committed people. By analyzing the intersections of a social movement and the political economy of oil, Widener reveals a nuanced story of oil resistance and promotion at a time when many anti-drilling activists believed themselves to be on the front lines of the industry’s inevitable decline.

Petroleum industry and trade --- Petroleum --- Environmental aspects --- Prospecting --- New Zealand, Aotearoa New Zealand, climate activist, environmental activist, environment, oil, oil disaster, anti-drilling rallies, climate action, low carbon society, oil spill, hydraulic fracturing, offshore exploration, climate fears, socioecological activists, planet earth, ocean, beaches, Toxic, aquatic species, ecosystems, terrestrial, climate-altering pollution, fossil fuel, sustainable, ecologies, energy sources, oil resistance, anti-drilling activists, gas, Aotearoa, cargo spill, Environmental Justice, Distinctly Maori, coastline, mining, fracking, climate change, Green Mirage, ecocultural.

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This manual aims to make information resources and technical advice available in order to support the deployment of biopesticides, which include microbials (e.g. bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses and fungi), macrobials (e.g. predatory insects, parasitoids and beneficial nematodes), botanicals, and semiochemicals. It is intended to be a one-stop shop to address the information needs of the key groups who are responsible for selecting, sourcing and using biopesticides in the tobacco production system. Chapter 2 provides information for decision makers to support selection of biopesticide active substances. It also provides guidelines for trial managers on experimental design, data collection and reporting. Chapter 3 provides guidance for sourcing biopesticides. It also includes manuals for the local production of three types of biopesticide: Trichogramma; neem [Azadirachta indica]; and fungal biopesticides such as Trichoderma. Chapter 4 presents training materials to provide an overview of biopesticides in general together with detailed information on how to work with the key biopesticides that have already been used successfully to manage key pests in tobacco.

Tobacco industry --- Pest control --- biological control agents --- Solanales --- arthropods --- insect nematodes --- eudicots --- aquatic species --- entomopathogens --- botanical pesticides --- tobacco --- animals --- Solanaceae --- pest control --- beneficial organisms --- entomophilic nematodes --- eukaryotes --- predacious insects --- Nicotiana --- data logging --- plant pests --- biocontrol agents --- biological control --- insects --- information services --- information sources --- plot design --- decision making --- parasitoids --- manuals --- pests --- handbooks --- pathogens --- plants --- aquatic organisms --- semiochemicals --- experimental design --- aquatic plants --- biocontrol --- predators --- predatory insects --- data collection --- nematodes --- natural enemies --- beneficial species --- biological control organisms --- angiosperms --- parasites --- Hexapoda --- Spermatophyta --- choice --- predaceous insects --- invertebrates

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The 22 papers that make up this Special Issue deal with pathogen and pest impact on forest health, from the diagnosis to the surveillance of causative agents, from the study of parasites’ biological, epidemiological, and ecological traits to their correct taxonomy and classification, and from disease and pest monitoring to sustainable control strategies.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- plant destroyers --- disease diagnosis --- RxLR-dEER --- soil-borne pathogen --- exclusivity --- inclusivity --- Phlebiopsis gigantea --- EF1α --- introns --- exons --- phylogenesis --- non-host attack --- post-epidemic --- facilitation --- endemic population strategies --- leaf baiting --- rDNA ITS regions --- soil --- water --- ITS clades --- Mediterranean vegetation --- ecology --- soil inhabitants --- aquatic species --- biodiversity --- bark beetles --- symbionts --- species assemblage --- beta diversity --- forest ecosystems --- Thaumetopoea pityocampa --- seasonal flight activity --- sexual pheromone traps --- Pinus sylvestris --- forest insect pest --- population suppression --- leaf litter --- forest management --- arthropods --- Norway spruce --- Heterobasidion root rot --- primary infection --- secondary infection --- first rotation forest --- afforestation --- Asian gypsy moth --- Lymantria dispar --- invasive species --- forest pests --- natural enemies --- aggregation pheromones --- pest management --- Mediterranean pine forests --- Emerald ash borer --- Agrilus planipennis --- post-invasion conditions --- insect traps --- prism trap --- Fraxinus americana --- DNA-based diagnostics --- LAMP --- Dothistroma needle blight --- ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species --- 16Sr group/subgroups --- PCR --- yellows diseases --- witches’ broom --- phloem discoloration --- die-back --- phytoplasma strains --- etiology --- eucalyptus little-leaf --- disease incidence --- Anoplophora chinensis --- temperature --- survival --- reproduction --- fecundity --- biocontrol --- bioinsecticide --- entomopathogen --- microbial --- ecosystem --- basidiospores --- conidia --- Heterobasidion spp. --- spore dispersal --- susceptibility --- wood discs --- Dothistroma septosporum --- Mycosphaerella pini --- loop-mediated isothermal amplification --- molecular diagnostics --- field-portable diagnostics --- Pinus nigra subsp. laricio --- forest health protection --- forest conservation --- Biscogniauxia mediterranea --- oak decline --- dieback --- Site of Community Importance (S.I.C.) --- tree competition --- warming conditions --- Diplodia tip blight --- Pinus densiflora --- plant diversity --- Sphaeropsis sapinea --- stand type --- vertical structure layer --- Heterobasidion --- carpophores --- fauna --- Tullgren funnels --- forest insects --- forest diseases --- diagnostics --- mitigation options --- citizen science --- fungi --- insects --- diagnosis --- surveillance --- disease and pest management