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Demand for advanced X-ray scattering techniques has increased tremendously in recent years with the development of new functional materials. These characterizations have a huge impact on evaluating the microstructure and structure–property relation in functional materials. Thanks to its non-destructive character and adaptability to various environments, the X-ray is a powerful tool, being irreplaceable for novel in situ and operando studies. This book is dedicated to the latest advances in X-ray diffraction using both synchrotron radiation as well as laboratory sources for analyzing the microstructure and morphology in a broad range (organic, inorganic, hybrid, etc.) of functional materials.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- lead-free ceramic --- sol–gel process --- barium zirconate titanate --- dielectric property --- conjugated polymer and blends --- in situ GIXD --- additive --- structure --- strain --- X-ray diffraction --- piezoelectric properties --- lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) --- zeolite-W --- cation form --- synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- Rietveld refinement --- high-pressure --- smectite --- bulk moduli --- anhydrous and hydrous environments --- synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction --- pressure-transmitting media --- metallic composites --- Ni --- Ni-W alloys --- silver-exchanged natrolite --- pressure-induced insertion --- high energy-density materials --- high pressure and temperature --- Raman spectroscopy --- ammonium azide --- polynitrogen compounds --- superalloys --- low-angle boundaries --- X-ray topography --- turbine blades --- crystal growth --- nano-perovskite (CaTiO3) --- Young’s modulus --- ultrasonic-pulse echo --- planar density --- residual stress --- laser cavitation peening --- pulse laser --- wedge-shaped amphiphile --- double gyroid phase --- grazing-incidence X-ray scattering --- environmental atomic force microscopy --- vapor annealing --- Williamson-Hall (W-H) --- uniform stress deformation model (USDM) --- hydroxyapatite --- ultrasonic pulse-echo --- thermoplastic polyurethane ureas --- shape memory materials --- synchrotron SAXS/WAXS --- polymer deformation --- lamellar morphology --- poly-ε-caprolactone --- poly(1,4-butylene adipate) --- lead-free ceramic --- sol–gel process --- barium zirconate titanate --- dielectric property --- conjugated polymer and blends --- in situ GIXD --- additive --- structure --- strain --- X-ray diffraction --- piezoelectric properties --- lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) --- zeolite-W --- cation form --- synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- Rietveld refinement --- high-pressure --- smectite --- bulk moduli --- anhydrous and hydrous environments --- synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction --- pressure-transmitting media --- metallic composites --- Ni --- Ni-W alloys --- silver-exchanged natrolite --- pressure-induced insertion --- high energy-density materials --- high pressure and temperature --- Raman spectroscopy --- ammonium azide --- polynitrogen compounds --- superalloys --- low-angle boundaries --- X-ray topography --- turbine blades --- crystal growth --- nano-perovskite (CaTiO3) --- Young’s modulus --- ultrasonic-pulse echo --- planar density --- residual stress --- laser cavitation peening --- pulse laser --- wedge-shaped amphiphile --- double gyroid phase --- grazing-incidence X-ray scattering --- environmental atomic force microscopy --- vapor annealing --- Williamson-Hall (W-H) --- uniform stress deformation model (USDM) --- hydroxyapatite --- ultrasonic pulse-echo --- thermoplastic polyurethane ureas --- shape memory materials --- synchrotron SAXS/WAXS --- polymer deformation --- lamellar morphology --- poly-ε-caprolactone --- poly(1,4-butylene adipate)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Demand for advanced X-ray scattering techniques has increased tremendously in recent years with the development of new functional materials. These characterizations have a huge impact on evaluating the microstructure and structure–property relation in functional materials. Thanks to its non-destructive character and adaptability to various environments, the X-ray is a powerful tool, being irreplaceable for novel in situ and operando studies. This book is dedicated to the latest advances in X-ray diffraction using both synchrotron radiation as well as laboratory sources for analyzing the microstructure and morphology in a broad range (organic, inorganic, hybrid, etc.) of functional materials.

lead-free ceramic --- sol–gel process --- barium zirconate titanate --- dielectric property --- conjugated polymer and blends --- in situ GIXD --- additive --- structure --- strain --- X-ray diffraction --- piezoelectric properties --- lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) --- zeolite-W --- cation form --- synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- Rietveld refinement --- high-pressure --- smectite --- bulk moduli --- anhydrous and hydrous environments --- synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction --- pressure-transmitting media --- metallic composites --- Ni --- Ni-W alloys --- silver-exchanged natrolite --- pressure-induced insertion --- high energy-density materials --- high pressure and temperature --- Raman spectroscopy --- ammonium azide --- polynitrogen compounds --- superalloys --- low-angle boundaries --- X-ray topography --- turbine blades --- crystal growth --- nano-perovskite (CaTiO3) --- Young’s modulus --- ultrasonic-pulse echo --- planar density --- residual stress --- laser cavitation peening --- pulse laser --- wedge-shaped amphiphile --- double gyroid phase --- grazing-incidence X-ray scattering --- environmental atomic force microscopy --- vapor annealing --- Williamson-Hall (W-H) --- uniform stress deformation model (USDM) --- hydroxyapatite --- ultrasonic pulse-echo --- thermoplastic polyurethane ureas --- shape memory materials --- synchrotron SAXS/WAXS --- polymer deformation --- lamellar morphology --- poly-ε-caprolactone --- poly(1,4-butylene adipate)

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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Membranes play an enormous role in our life. Biological cell membranes control the fluxes of substances in and out of cells. Artificial membranes are widely used in numerous applications including “green” separation processes in chemistry, agroindustry, biology, medicine; they are used as well in energy generation from renewable sources. They largely mimic the structure and functions of biological membranes. The similarity in the structure leads to the similarity in the properties and the approaches to study the laws governing the behavior of both biological and artificial membranes. In this book, some physico-chemical and chemico-physical aspects of the structure and behavior of biological and artificial membranes are investigated.

Technology: general issues --- ion exchange membranes --- profiled membranes --- corrugated membranes --- electrodialysis --- reverse electrodialysis --- membrane capacitive deionization --- hydrodynamic --- mass transfer --- thermal pressing --- 3D printing --- acid whey --- pulsed electric field --- demineralization --- scaling --- lactic acid removal --- ion exchange membrane --- profiled membrane --- CFD --- pressure drop --- structural mechanics --- fluid-structure interaction --- whey --- pulsed electrodialysis reversal --- fouling --- electrodialysis with filtration membrane (EDFM) --- triple size-selective separation --- glucose uptake --- bioassay-guided validation --- bioactive peptides --- electro-convective instability --- overlimiting current --- concentration polarisation --- particle tracking --- biomimetic membrane --- ion pair amphiphile --- cholesterol --- molecular dynamics --- water permeation --- air-pollutant nanoparticle --- coarse-grained model --- interaction --- molecular dynamics simulation --- pulmonary surfactant monolayer --- PP membrane --- O2 plasma --- TiO2 nanoparticles --- UV treatment --- hydrophilicity --- biopolymer electrolyte membranes --- XRD analysis --- FTIR study --- Morphology --- Impedance study --- EDLC fabrication --- LaPO4: Ce --- Tb --- ionic liquid --- supported liquid membrane --- photoluminescence --- hyperbranched polymer --- crosslinking --- alkaline fuel cells --- ionic conductivity --- water swelling --- ion-exchange membranes --- ion-exchange particles --- heterogeneity --- electrokinetics --- current-voltage curves --- ion-exchange membrane --- Fujifilm --- Neosepta --- phosphate transport --- limiting current density --- voltammetry --- zinc-air battery --- separator --- hydroxide exchange membrane --- anion-exchange membrane --- ionic channel --- polyphenylene oxide --- polymer inclusion membrane --- ionic liquids --- volatile fatty acids (VFAs) --- acetic acids --- hexanoic acids --- anomalous water diffusion --- computer simulations --- ion channel gating --- nano-size water pore --- physico-chemical properties of confined water --- protein-water interactions --- TRPV1 channel permeability for water --- water dynamics --- water H-bonding --- NETs --- inner nuclear membrane --- outer nuclear membrane --- nuclear envelope --- polymer blends --- impedance study --- dielectric properties --- electric modulus study --- loss tangent peaks --- ion transport parameters --- Trukhan model --- salinity gradient power --- concentration difference --- electrolyte composition --- ion exchange membranes --- profiled membranes --- corrugated membranes --- electrodialysis --- reverse electrodialysis --- membrane capacitive deionization --- hydrodynamic --- mass transfer --- thermal pressing --- 3D printing --- acid whey --- pulsed electric field --- demineralization --- scaling --- lactic acid removal --- ion exchange membrane --- profiled membrane --- CFD --- pressure drop --- structural mechanics --- fluid-structure interaction --- whey --- pulsed electrodialysis reversal --- fouling --- electrodialysis with filtration membrane (EDFM) --- triple size-selective separation --- glucose uptake --- bioassay-guided validation --- bioactive peptides --- electro-convective instability --- overlimiting current --- concentration polarisation --- particle tracking --- biomimetic membrane --- ion pair amphiphile --- cholesterol --- molecular dynamics --- water permeation --- air-pollutant nanoparticle --- coarse-grained model --- interaction --- molecular dynamics simulation --- pulmonary surfactant monolayer --- PP membrane --- O2 plasma --- TiO2 nanoparticles --- UV treatment --- hydrophilicity --- biopolymer electrolyte membranes --- XRD analysis --- FTIR study --- Morphology --- Impedance study --- EDLC fabrication --- LaPO4: Ce --- Tb --- ionic liquid --- supported liquid membrane --- photoluminescence --- hyperbranched polymer --- crosslinking --- alkaline fuel cells --- ionic conductivity --- water swelling --- ion-exchange membranes --- ion-exchange particles --- heterogeneity --- electrokinetics --- current-voltage curves --- ion-exchange membrane --- Fujifilm --- Neosepta --- phosphate transport --- limiting current density --- voltammetry --- zinc-air battery --- separator --- hydroxide exchange membrane --- anion-exchange membrane --- ionic channel --- polyphenylene oxide --- polymer inclusion membrane --- ionic liquids --- volatile fatty acids (VFAs) --- acetic acids --- hexanoic acids --- anomalous water diffusion --- computer simulations --- ion channel gating --- nano-size water pore --- physico-chemical properties of confined water --- protein-water interactions --- TRPV1 channel permeability for water --- water dynamics --- water H-bonding --- NETs --- inner nuclear membrane --- outer nuclear membrane --- nuclear envelope --- polymer blends --- impedance study --- dielectric properties --- electric modulus study --- loss tangent peaks --- ion transport parameters --- Trukhan model --- salinity gradient power --- concentration difference --- electrolyte composition

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Membranes play an enormous role in our life. Biological cell membranes control the fluxes of substances in and out of cells. Artificial membranes are widely used in numerous applications including “green” separation processes in chemistry, agroindustry, biology, medicine; they are used as well in energy generation from renewable sources. They largely mimic the structure and functions of biological membranes. The similarity in the structure leads to the similarity in the properties and the approaches to study the laws governing the behavior of both biological and artificial membranes. In this book, some physico-chemical and chemico-physical aspects of the structure and behavior of biological and artificial membranes are investigated.

ion exchange membranes --- profiled membranes --- corrugated membranes --- electrodialysis --- reverse electrodialysis --- membrane capacitive deionization --- hydrodynamic --- mass transfer --- thermal pressing --- 3D printing --- acid whey --- pulsed electric field --- demineralization --- scaling --- lactic acid removal --- ion exchange membrane --- profiled membrane --- CFD --- pressure drop --- structural mechanics --- fluid-structure interaction --- whey --- pulsed electrodialysis reversal --- fouling --- electrodialysis with filtration membrane (EDFM) --- triple size-selective separation --- glucose uptake --- bioassay-guided validation --- bioactive peptides --- electro-convective instability --- overlimiting current --- concentration polarisation --- particle tracking --- biomimetic membrane --- ion pair amphiphile --- cholesterol --- molecular dynamics --- water permeation --- air-pollutant nanoparticle --- coarse-grained model --- interaction --- molecular dynamics simulation --- pulmonary surfactant monolayer --- PP membrane --- O2 plasma --- TiO2 nanoparticles --- UV treatment --- hydrophilicity --- biopolymer electrolyte membranes --- XRD analysis --- FTIR study --- Morphology --- Impedance study --- EDLC fabrication --- LaPO4: Ce --- Tb --- ionic liquid --- supported liquid membrane --- photoluminescence --- hyperbranched polymer --- crosslinking --- alkaline fuel cells --- ionic conductivity --- water swelling --- ion-exchange membranes --- ion-exchange particles --- heterogeneity --- electrokinetics --- current–voltage curves --- ion-exchange membrane --- Fujifilm --- Neosepta --- phosphate transport --- limiting current density --- voltammetry --- zinc–air battery --- separator --- hydroxide exchange membrane --- anion-exchange membrane --- ionic channel --- polyphenylene oxide --- polymer inclusion membrane --- ionic liquids --- volatile fatty acids (VFAs) --- acetic acids --- hexanoic acids --- anomalous water diffusion --- computer simulations --- ion channel gating --- nano-size water pore --- physico-chemical properties of confined water --- protein-water interactions --- TRPV1 channel permeability for water --- water dynamics --- water H-bonding --- NETs --- inner nuclear membrane --- outer nuclear membrane --- nuclear envelope --- polymer blends --- impedance study --- dielectric properties --- electric modulus study --- loss tangent peaks --- ion transport parameters --- Trukhan model --- salinity gradient power --- concentration difference --- electrolyte composition --- n/a --- current-voltage curves --- zinc-air battery