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The Department of Defense has developed new sensor technologies to support military forces operating in Iraq and Afghanistan. These new capabilities may be useful in counterdrug operations along the southern U.S. border. DoD has held technology demonstrations to test and demonstrate new technologies along the southern border, because the field conditions along the border closely resemble those in current military theaters of operation and because they can also reveal whether new technologies are useful for CD operations led by domestic law enforcement agencies. However, there are legal questions about whether such technology demonstrations fully comply with U.S. law and whether advanced DoD sensors can legally be used in domestic CD operations when they are operated by U.S. military forces. In this report, the authors examine federal law and DoD policy to answer these questions. Some parts of U.S. law mandate information sharing among federal departments and agencies for national security purposes and direct DoD to play a key role in domestic CD operations in support of U.S. law enforcement agencies, while other parts of the law place restrictions on when the U.S. military may participate in law enforcement operations. Reviewing relevant federal law and DoD policy, the authors conclude that there is no legal reason why a DoD sensor should be excluded from use in an interagency technology demonstration or in an actual CD operation as long as a valid request for support is made by an appropriate law enforcement official and so long as no personally identifiable or private information is collected. The authors recommend DoD policy on domestic CD operations be formally clarified and that an approval process should be established for technology demonstrations with a CD nexus.

Military law --- Civil-military relations --- Border security --- Interagency coordination --- Drug traffic --- Law - U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Military Law - U.S. --- Technological innovations --- Law and legislation --- Prevention --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- Military and civilian power --- Military-civil relations --- Armed Forces --- Law, Military --- Military administration --- Security measures --- National security --- Executive power --- Sociology, Military --- Military government --- United States --- Judicial aspects --- DoD --- Department of Defense --- American borders --- Drug smugglers, traffickers --- Trafficking --- Early 21st century

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This provocative study of the Latino political experience offers a nuanced, in-depth, and often surprising perspective on the factors affecting the political engagement of a segment of the population that is now the nation's largest minority. Drawing from one hundred in-depth interviews, Lisa García Bedolla compares the political attitudes and behavior of Latinos in two communities: working-class East Los Angeles and middle-class Montebello. Asking how collective identity and social context have affected political socialization, political attitudes and practices, and levels of political participation among the foreign born and native born, she offers new findings that are often at odds with the conventional wisdom emphasizing the role socioeconomic status plays in political involvement. Fluid Borders includes the voices of many individuals, offers exciting new research on Latina women indicating that they are more likely than men to vote and to participate in political activities, and considers how the experience of social stigma affects the collective identification and political engagement of members of marginal groups. This innovative study points the way toward a better understanding of the Latino political experience, and how it differs from that of other racial groups, by situating it at the intersection of power, collective identity, and place.

Hispanic Americans --- Working class --- Social classes --- Power (Social sciences) --- Empowerment (Social sciences) --- Political power --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Political science --- Social sciences --- Sociology --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Class distinction --- Classes, Social --- Rank --- Caste --- Estates (Social orders) --- Social status --- Class consciousness --- Classism --- Social stratification --- Hispanics (United States) --- Latino Americans --- Latinos (United States) --- Latinxs --- Spanish Americans in the United States --- Spanish-speaking people (United States) --- Spanish-surnamed people (United States) --- Ethnology --- Latin Americans --- Spanish Americans (Latin America) --- Commons (Social order) --- Labor and laboring classes --- Laboring class --- Labouring class --- Working classes --- Labor --- Politics and government. --- Ethnic identity. --- Social conditions. --- Employment --- Los Angeles (Calif.) --- american borders. --- california. --- collective identity. --- largest minority group. --- latina women. --- latino experience. --- latino identity. --- latinos. --- los angeles. --- marginal groups. --- middle class. --- montebello. --- nonfiction study. --- personal interviews. --- personal power. --- political attitudes. --- political engagement. --- political identity. --- political participation. --- political socialization. --- racial minorities. --- social context. --- social stigmas. --- socioeconomic status. --- voting. --- working class communities.