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Social Trends in American Life assembles a team of leading researchers to provide unparalleled insight into how American social attitudes and behaviors have changed since the 1970's. Drawing on the General Social Survey--a social science project that has tracked demographic and attitudinal trends in the United States since 1972--it offers a window into diverse facets of American life, from intergroup relations to political views and orientations, social affiliations, and perceived well-being. Among the book's many important findings are the greater willingness of ordinary Americans to accord rights of free expression to unpopular groups, to endorse formal racial equality, and to accept nontraditional roles for women in the workplace, politics, and the family. Some, but not all, signs indicate that political conservatism has grown, while a few suggest that Republicans and Democrats are more polarized. Some forms of social connectedness such as neighboring have declined, as has confidence in government, while participation in organized religion has softened. Despite rising standards of living, American happiness levels have changed little, though financial and employment insecurity has risen over three decades. Social Trends in American Life provides an invaluable perspective on how Americans view their lives and their society, and on how these views have changed over the last two generations.
Social surveys --- Public opinion --- United States --- Social conditions. --- American South. --- American adults. --- American life. --- American public. --- First Amendment. --- General Social Survey. --- Protestants. --- Republicans. --- Southerners. --- U.S. society. --- adult intelligence. --- behavior. --- blacks. --- conservatism. --- conservatives. --- crime rates. --- education. --- egalitarianism. --- employee well-being. --- equal treatment. --- family income. --- female roles. --- free expression. --- gender roles. --- government programs. --- happiness levels. --- happiness. --- informal social connectedness. --- institutional confidence. --- interpersonal networks. --- job satisfaction. --- job security. --- labor force participation. --- liberals. --- moderates. --- national spending. --- nonconformity. --- organized religion. --- political attitude. --- political conservatism. --- precarious employment. --- public opinion. --- public trust. --- punishment. --- quality of life. --- race. --- racial attitudes. --- racial equality. --- religion. --- religious affiliation. --- religious diversity. --- religious organizations. --- religious rituals. --- social attitudes. --- social networks. --- social order. --- social trends. --- socializing. --- sociopolitical attitudes. --- test performance. --- tolerance. --- unemployment. --- verbal knowledge. --- vocabulary test. --- white Americans.
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How psychology explains why a leader is willing to use military force to protect or salvage reputationIn Who Fights for Reputation, Keren Yarhi-Milo provides an original framework, based on insights from psychology, to explain why some political leaders are more willing to use military force to defend their reputation than others. Rather than focusing on a leader's background, beliefs, bargaining skills, or biases, Yarhi-Milo draws a systematic link between a trait called self-monitoring and foreign policy behavior. She examines self-monitoring among national leaders and advisers and shows that while high self-monitors modify their behavior strategically to cultivate image-enhancing status, low self-monitors are less likely to change their behavior in response to reputation concerns.Exploring self-monitoring through case studies of foreign policy crises during the terms of U.S. presidents Carter, Reagan, and Clinton, Yarhi-Milo disproves the notion that hawks are always more likely than doves to fight for reputation. Instead, Yarhi-Milo demonstrates that a decision maker's propensity for impression management is directly associated with the use of force to restore a reputation for resolve on the international stage.Who Fights for Reputation offers a brand-new understanding of the pivotal influence that psychological factors have on political leadership, military engagement, and the protection of public prestige.
Heads of state --- International relations --- Decision making --- 1900-1999 --- United States --- United States. --- Foreign relations --- Amazon Mechanical Turk. --- American adults. --- American presidents. --- Bill Clinton. --- Cyrus Vance. --- Israeli Jewish adults. --- Jimmy Carter. --- Ronald Reagan. --- US presidents. --- US reputation. --- Zbigniew Brzezinski. --- case studies. --- crisis decision making. --- decision making. --- dispositional theory. --- foreign policy behavior. --- foreign policy. --- hawkishness. --- high self-monitors. --- international conflict. --- international crises. --- international politics. --- international relations. --- international reputation. --- leaders. --- low self-monitors. --- militarized interstate disputes. --- military action. --- military assertiveness. --- military engagement. --- military force. --- military instruments. --- military solution. --- military spending. --- national leaders. --- policy recommendations. --- political leadership. --- presidential historians. --- presidents. --- psychological dispositions. --- public prestige. --- reputation believer. --- reputation believers. --- reputation critic. --- reputation critics. --- reputation crusader. --- reputation crusaders. --- reputation for resolve. --- reputation skeptics. --- reputation. --- self-monitoring. --- state leaders. --- use of force. --- world politics.
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Roughly one in ten adult Americans find their walking slowed by progressive chronic conditions like arthritis, back problems, heart and lung diseases, and diabetes. In this passionate and deeply informed book, Lisa I. Iezzoni describes the personal experiences of and societal responses to adults whose mobility makes it difficult for them to live as they wish-partly because of physical and emotional conditions and partly because of persisting societal and environmental barriers. Basing her conclusions on personal experience, a wealth of survey data, and extensive interviews with dozens of people from a wide social spectrum, Iezzoni explains who has mobility problems and why; how mobility difficulties affect people's physical comfort, attitudes, daily activities, and relationships with family and friends throughout their communities; strategies for improving mobility; and how the health care system addresses mobility difficulties, providing and financing services and assistive technologies. Iezzoni claims that, although strategies exist to improve mobility, many people do not know where to turn for advice. She addresses the need to inform policymakers about areas where changes will better accommodate people with difficulty walking. This straightforward and engaging narrative clearly demonstrates that improving people's ability to move freely and independently will enhance overall health and quality of life, not only for these persons, but also for society as a whole.
Public Policy --- Movement Disorders --- Gait --- Chronic Disease --- Chronic diseases --- Movement disorders. --- Diseases, Chronic --- NCDs (Noncommunicable diseases) --- Non-communicable diseases --- Non-infectious diseases --- Noncommunicable diseases --- Diseases --- Dyskinesia --- Dyskinesias --- Motor disorders --- Disabilities --- Nervous system --- Movement Disorder Syndromes --- Dyskinesia Syndromes --- Etat Marbre --- Status Marmoratus --- Dyskinesia Syndrome --- Movement Disorder --- Movement Disorder Syndrome --- Psychomotor Disorders --- Chronically Ill --- Chronic Illness --- Chronic Diseases --- Chronic Illnesses --- Disease, Chronic --- Illness, Chronic --- Illnesses, Chronic --- Pain Management --- Gaits --- Locomotion --- Walking --- Affirmative Action --- Migration Policy --- Population Policy --- Social Protection --- Social Policy --- Action, Affirmative --- Migration Policies --- Policies, Migration --- Policies, Population --- Policies, Public --- Policies, Social --- Policy, Migration --- Policy, Population --- Policy, Public --- Policy, Social --- Population Policies --- Protection, Social --- Public Policies --- Social Policies --- Policy Making --- Social Control, Formal --- psychology --- Complications. --- american adults. --- arthritis. --- back problems. --- chronic conditions. --- chronic health conditions. --- diabetes. --- disabling conditions. --- emotional conditions. --- health care system. --- health policy. --- healthy society. --- heart disease. --- improve mobility. --- lung disease. --- medicine. --- mobility difficulties. --- mobility problems. --- nonfiction. --- personal experiences. --- physical disabilities. --- policymakers. --- public health. --- quality of life. --- social relationships. --- societal issues. --- textbooks. --- walking.
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