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Proteins constitute a source of nutrients widely consumed all over the world. Dietary proteins from animal or plant origin have been shown to play a beneficial role in glucose homeostasis by promoting the secretion of appetite regulating gut hormones such as CCK, peptide YY, and GLP-1. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary proteins could regulate another aspect of intestinal glucose metabolism: the intestinal glucose absorption. To achieve this, the acute effect of different proteins on mRNA expression of transporters involved in the absorption of glucose, namely SGLT1 and GLUT2, was assessed using an in vivo and in vitro method. The inhibition of alpha-glucosidase is another way to control the glucose absorption. Thus, the effect of proteins on alpha-glucosidase activity was also assessed using an acellular model. The results obtained from the in vivo experiment have overall demonstrated a decrease trend of relative mRNA level of GLUT2 and, to a lesser extent, SGLT1 mRNA level expression. Among the proteins tested (fish gelatin, pea proteins, ovalbumin, bovine hemoglobin and casein), the ingestion of ovalbumin by rats have shown a significant decrease of GLUT2 relative mRNA expression level. Concerning the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity, it has been shown that some peptides could have a role as stimulator or inhibitor depending on their structure (linear or cyclic). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of hemoglobin could be comparable to acarbose which is used as a drug to treat diabetes. This work opened the field to promising prospects such as the identification of peptides that interact directly or indirectly with transporters as well as the identification of the hemoglobin-derived peptide that interacts with the enzyme.

Dietary proteins --- acute effect --- Glucose absorption --- Acute effect --- Alpha-glucosidase --- rats --- Sciences du vivant > Productions animales & zootechnie --- Sciences du vivant > Biochimie, biophysique & biologie moléculaire --- Sciences du vivant > Anatomie (cytologie, histologie, embryologie...) & physiologie

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Pompe disease, also known as acid maltase deficiency or acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency, in its most severe form results in a rapidly progressive, neonatal-onset skeletal and cardiomyopathy, leading to early infantile death without treatment. The development of treatment with recombinant enzyme replacement therapy radically transformed the clinical trajectory of those affected, enabling long-term ventilator-free survival with resolution of cardiomyopathy. These positive clinical outcomes resulted in the implementation of newborn screening programs for Pompe disease across the world. This Special Issue highlights some of the experiences of Pompe screening programs worldwide and discusses public policy and ethical issues elicited by presymptomatic screening for Pompe disease.

Technology: general issues --- Pompe disease --- newborn screening --- diagnosis --- infantile onset Pompe disease --- late onset Pompe disease --- patient perspective --- n/a --- California --- follow-up --- pseudodeficiency --- late-onset --- infantile-onset --- presymptomatic --- c.-32-13T&amp --- gt --- G --- infantile-onset Pompe disease --- GAA sequencing --- immune modulation therapy --- enzyme replacement therapy --- cross-reactive immunologic material --- genotype-phenotype correlation --- treatment and follow-up --- lysosomal storage diseases --- variant cut-off --- next generation sequencing --- dried blood spots --- new disorders implementation --- acid α-glucosidase --- alpha glucosidase --- Pompe disease diagnostics testing

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The postprandial period is the metabolic phase that directly follows the ingestion of a meal. This period is critical to the handling of nutrients to feed the body throughout the whole day but it is also a time of challenge for the body’s metabolism, which has to be flexible and adaptable regarding the quantity and the quality of the nutrient intake. Changes in postprandial metabolism have been considered to be potential early markers in the pathophysiological course, finally leading to an increased risk of disease development. This book aimed to broaden and add to the research on the importance of postprandial metabolism in nutrition. The book includes literature reviews that cover the broad state of the art of our knowledge about postprandial metabolism, fine original studies of the complex changes in metabolism, and the physiological processes that are considered to drive the onset of pathogenesis. Finally, a series of examples on how nutrient content (especially proteins, sucrose, and lipids) can influence the postprandial metabolism over a wide range of phenomena operating during the postprandial period and how they could contribute to tipping the body towards adverse health processes.

Medicine --- peripheral blood mononuclear cells --- postprandial metabolism --- high fat–high sugar diet --- minipig --- adipose tissue --- biomarkers --- glucose --- human --- night --- postprandial --- wheat albumin --- energy expenditure --- fat oxidation --- respiratory quotient --- sucrose overfeeding --- hepatic steatosis --- intramyocellular lipids --- intrahepatocellular lipids --- dietary protein content --- dietary fat content --- plasma triglyceride --- liver --- gut --- obesity --- amino acid --- lactate --- nutrient flux --- short chain fatty acid --- aging --- catabolic state --- anabolic resistance --- protein synthesis --- energy bolus --- postprandial lipemia --- coconut oil --- butter --- canola oil --- olive oil --- lipid --- triglycerides --- dietary fat --- saturated fat --- cardiovascular disease --- carbohydrates --- cholesterol --- fibers --- food structure --- lipids --- polyphenols --- proteins --- vitamins --- ADMA --- arginine --- SDMA --- DMA --- PRMT --- alpha-glucosidase inhibitor --- biopeptides --- blood glucose --- glycemic control --- hyperglycemia --- milk peptides --- prediabetes --- pre-meal --- type 2 diabetes --- metabolic syndrome --- endothelial function --- oxidative stress --- nuts --- berries --- LBP --- sCD14 --- postprandial kinetics --- high-fat diet --- peripheral blood mononuclear cells --- postprandial metabolism --- high fat–high sugar diet --- minipig --- adipose tissue --- biomarkers --- glucose --- human --- night --- postprandial --- wheat albumin --- energy expenditure --- fat oxidation --- respiratory quotient --- sucrose overfeeding --- hepatic steatosis --- intramyocellular lipids --- intrahepatocellular lipids --- dietary protein content --- dietary fat content --- plasma triglyceride --- liver --- gut --- obesity --- amino acid --- lactate --- nutrient flux --- short chain fatty acid --- aging --- catabolic state --- anabolic resistance --- protein synthesis --- energy bolus --- postprandial lipemia --- coconut oil --- butter --- canola oil --- olive oil --- lipid --- triglycerides --- dietary fat --- saturated fat --- cardiovascular disease --- carbohydrates --- cholesterol --- fibers --- food structure --- lipids --- polyphenols --- proteins --- vitamins --- ADMA --- arginine --- SDMA --- DMA --- PRMT --- alpha-glucosidase inhibitor --- biopeptides --- blood glucose --- glycemic control --- hyperglycemia --- milk peptides --- prediabetes --- pre-meal --- type 2 diabetes --- metabolic syndrome --- endothelial function --- oxidative stress --- nuts --- berries --- LBP --- sCD14 --- postprandial kinetics --- high-fat diet

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“Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Plant Extracts” is a collection of scientific articles regarding polyphenols, that is, substances occurring naturally in plants and exhibiting many beneficial effects on human health. Among polyphenols’ interesting biological properties, their antioxidant activity is considered the most important. This book brings together experts from different research fields on topics related to polyphenols, such as their isolation and purification, assessment of their antioxidant activity, prevention from oxidative stress-induced diseases and use as food additives. The polyphenols used in the present studies are derived from a great variety of plants, ranging from well-known species to rare ones that are only found in specific regions. Moreover, some of the studies provide evidence that polyphenols may be used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimers’ disease, cardiovascular and intestinal diseases. Importantly, in several of the studies “green extraction methods” for the isolation of polyphenols were developed using modern technologies, where few or no organic solvents were used, in order to minimize environmental and health impacts.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- green leafy vegetables --- effect of cooking --- polyphenols --- antioxidant activity --- Averrhoa bilimbi --- Oxalidaceae --- DPPH --- xanthine oxidase --- LC-QTOF-MS/MS --- molecular docking --- tentative bioactive constituents --- Dialium indum --- exocarp --- seed --- antioxidant --- phenolic acids --- amino acids --- GC-MS analysis --- AGN --- FIR --- phenolic --- flavonoid --- antioxidant capacity --- antimicrobial activity --- polyphenol compounds --- bixin --- rosemary extracts --- method validation --- HPLC --- food matrices --- fruit vinegar --- phenolics --- organic acid --- Ladastacho --- characterisation --- properties --- HPLC/ESI-MS --- HS-SPME/GC-MS --- beneficial use --- antimicrobial --- hydroxytyrosol --- rosemary --- pomegranate --- fish --- volatile compounds --- Rosa canina --- Rosa sempervivens --- Pyrocantha coccinea --- antioxidants --- endothelial cells --- glutathione --- almond skins --- bioavailability --- waste by-products --- flavonoids --- oxidative stress --- human --- reactive oxygen species --- proinflammatory cytokines --- Alzheimer’s disease --- cornelian cherry --- anthocyanins --- gastrointestinal digestion --- Opuntia ficus-indica cladode --- antibiofilm activity --- olive --- Olea europaea --- anthocyanin --- cyanidin 3-glucoside --- cyanidin 3-rutinoside --- oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) --- high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). --- tea --- Camellia sinensis --- polyphenol --- catechin --- caffeine --- theaflavine --- insulin resistance --- diabetes --- olive oil --- phenols --- antidiabetic --- myrtle --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- phenolic compounds --- liquid chromatography analysis --- mass spectrometry --- mulberry (Morus nigra --- Morus alba) --- simple sugars --- organic acids --- phenol compounds --- high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/mass spectrometry anthocyanins --- anti-inflammatory activity --- extraction --- central composite design --- optimization --- P. officinalis --- phytochemicals --- cytotoxicity --- α-amylase inhibition --- red-osier dogwood --- antioxidative effect --- H2O2 --- transepithelial resistance (TEER) --- Caco-2 cells --- Rubus idaeus L. --- HPLC-ESI-HR-qTOF-MS/MS --- antioxidant activities --- digestive enzymes inhibitors --- molecular docking analysis --- olive mill wastewater --- encapsulation --- maltodextrin --- whey protein --- gelatin --- spray drying --- diabetes mellitus --- Lamiaceae --- alpha-glucosidase --- alpha-amylase --- Salvia africana-lutea --- terpenoids --- cape floristic region --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease

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“Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Plant Extracts” is a collection of scientific articles regarding polyphenols, that is, substances occurring naturally in plants and exhibiting many beneficial effects on human health. Among polyphenols’ interesting biological properties, their antioxidant activity is considered the most important. This book brings together experts from different research fields on topics related to polyphenols, such as their isolation and purification, assessment of their antioxidant activity, prevention from oxidative stress-induced diseases and use as food additives. The polyphenols used in the present studies are derived from a great variety of plants, ranging from well-known species to rare ones that are only found in specific regions. Moreover, some of the studies provide evidence that polyphenols may be used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimers’ disease, cardiovascular and intestinal diseases. Importantly, in several of the studies “green extraction methods” for the isolation of polyphenols were developed using modern technologies, where few or no organic solvents were used, in order to minimize environmental and health impacts.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- green leafy vegetables --- effect of cooking --- polyphenols --- antioxidant activity --- Averrhoa bilimbi --- Oxalidaceae --- DPPH --- xanthine oxidase --- LC-QTOF-MS/MS --- molecular docking --- tentative bioactive constituents --- Dialium indum --- exocarp --- seed --- antioxidant --- phenolic acids --- amino acids --- GC-MS analysis --- AGN --- FIR --- phenolic --- flavonoid --- antioxidant capacity --- antimicrobial activity --- polyphenol compounds --- bixin --- rosemary extracts --- method validation --- HPLC --- food matrices --- fruit vinegar --- phenolics --- organic acid --- Ladastacho --- characterisation --- properties --- HPLC/ESI-MS --- HS-SPME/GC-MS --- beneficial use --- antimicrobial --- hydroxytyrosol --- rosemary --- pomegranate --- fish --- volatile compounds --- Rosa canina --- Rosa sempervivens --- Pyrocantha coccinea --- antioxidants --- endothelial cells --- glutathione --- almond skins --- bioavailability --- waste by-products --- flavonoids --- oxidative stress --- human --- reactive oxygen species --- proinflammatory cytokines --- Alzheimer's disease --- cornelian cherry --- anthocyanins --- gastrointestinal digestion --- Opuntia ficus-indica cladode --- antibiofilm activity --- olive --- Olea europaea --- anthocyanin --- cyanidin 3-glucoside --- cyanidin 3-rutinoside --- oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) --- high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). --- tea --- Camellia sinensis --- polyphenol --- catechin --- caffeine --- theaflavine --- insulin resistance --- diabetes --- olive oil --- phenols --- antidiabetic --- myrtle --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- phenolic compounds --- liquid chromatography analysis --- mass spectrometry --- mulberry (Morus nigra --- Morus alba) --- simple sugars --- organic acids --- phenol compounds --- high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/mass spectrometry anthocyanins --- anti-inflammatory activity --- extraction --- central composite design --- optimization --- P. officinalis --- phytochemicals --- cytotoxicity --- α-amylase inhibition --- red-osier dogwood --- antioxidative effect --- H2O2 --- transepithelial resistance (TEER) --- Caco-2 cells --- Rubus idaeus L. --- HPLC-ESI-HR-qTOF-MS/MS --- antioxidant activities --- digestive enzymes inhibitors --- molecular docking analysis --- olive mill wastewater --- encapsulation --- maltodextrin --- whey protein --- gelatin --- spray drying --- diabetes mellitus --- Lamiaceae --- alpha-glucosidase --- alpha-amylase --- Salvia africana-lutea --- terpenoids --- cape floristic region --- Disaster Bay / Green Cape (NSW Far S Coast SJ55-08)