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Among the many molecules present in our environment, some have the property to induce allergic sensitization and IgE-mediated reactions. The analysis of known major animal allergens has shown that most belong to single protein families: lipocalins and serum albumins for inhalant allergens, EF-hand proteins, tropomyosins and caseins for the digestive allergens. The finding that allergens are often clustered in large families may be related to the fact that common structural, biochemical or functional features contribute to their allergenicity, in addition to external adjuvant factors. Currently, there is no curative treatment for animal allergy available. In order to lower allergic reactions to respiratory allergens in daily life and to food allergens upon accidental exposure, it is important to desensitize concerned patients. Tolerance induction by allergen-specific immunotherapy is in the current focus of an ambitious research. This Research Topic aims to provide a comprehensive view of the basic and recent insights on the allergenicity of animal allergens in view of their structural and functional aspects as well as allergen-specific immunotherapy.

Immunologic diseases. --- Allergens. --- Allergy and immunology. --- Allergens --- immunology. --- allergen exposure --- isoallergens --- immune response --- Immunotherapy --- biological function --- allergy --- cross-reactivity --- Allergenicity --- Animal allergen

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En Belgique, 200 000 et 400 000 individus seraient touchés par une allergie ou une intolérance alimentaire. Leurs nombres auraient doublé depuis les 15 dernières années. Outre son impact sur la santé qui peut aller d’une simple gêne au choc anaphylactique pouvant entrainer le décès de la personne, les conséquences de cette situation sur les habitudes alimentaires peuvent être également très lourdes puisque le seul traitement actuel est l’éviction de l’aliment problématique. Les allergies et les intolérances alimentaires sont un réel problème de santé publique à prendre en considération. Dans nos magasins, grandes surfaces ou magasins spécialisés, l’offre de produits ciblant un ou plusieurs allergènes alimentaires ne cesse d’augmenter. Il est ainsi pertinent de penser qu’un produit pouvant convenir à l’ensemble de ce groupe de consommateurs constituerait une voie innovante. C’est dans le cadre de notre Master en Management de l’Innovation et de la Conception des Aliments que nous avons développé un produit innovant en adoptant une approche globale de conception articulée autour des « 5 S », les axes de « Service », « Société », « Santé », « Sécurité » et « Satisfaction ». Le cahier des charges et la formulation de ce produit ont été définis et développés et la problématique de l’emballage ainsi que le positionnement sur le marché ont été abordés. Afin de proposer une solution complète et cohérente, prête à être commercialisée, le choix s’est porté sur le développement d’un mix pour cookies aux pépites de chocolat sans aucun des allergènes alimentaires principaux. In Belgium, 200,000 and 400,000 people would suffer from a food allergy or intolerance. The number would have doubled in the last 15 years. In addition to its impact on health that can range from a simple embarrassment to an anaphylactic shock which can lead to death, the consequences on eating habits are significant since, currently, the only treatment is allergen and food that contain it avoidance. Food allergies and intolerances are a public health issue to consider. In our stores, supermarkets or specialized stores, the supply of products targeting one or several food allergens continues to increase. It is therefore relevant to think that a product which can fit to all these consumers groups would be considered innovative. Thanks to our Master in Management of Innovation and Food Design, we have developed an innovative product by adopting a global approach articulated around five axes respectively named ‘Service’, ‘Company’, ‘Health’, ‘Safety’ and ‘Satisfaction’. In addition to the formulation, we developed packaging and marketing aspects. In order to purpose a complete and concrete solution ready to be on the market, we imagined a cookies mix free-from the 14 main allergens.

Biscuit --- Cookies --- mix --- allergène --- gluten --- oeuf --- lait --- soja --- Cookies --- mix --- powder --- allergen --- gluten free --- egg free --- dairy free --- soja free --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences des denrées alimentaires

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Hypersensitivity --- Allergy and Immunology --- Allergy --- Allergy. --- Allergic diseases --- Allergies --- Hypersensitivity, Immediate --- Immediate allergy --- Immediate hypersensitivity --- Immunologic diseases --- Immunoglobulin E --- Allergy Specialty --- Allergy, Immunology --- Immunology and Allergy --- Immunology, Allergy --- Immunology --- Specialty, Allergy --- Allergic Reaction --- Allergic Reactions --- Hypersensitivities --- Reaction, Allergic --- Reactions, Allergic --- rhinology --- dermatology --- allergy --- allergen --- respiratory diseases

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Biosensors are analytical devices capable of providing quantitative or semi-quantitative information by using a biological recognition element and a transducer. Depending upon the nature of the recognition element, different surface sensitive techniques can be applied to monitor these molecular interactions. In order to increase sensitivities and to lower detection limits down to even individual molecules, nanomaterials are promising candidates. This is possible due to the potential to immobilize more bioreceptor units at reduced volumes and their ability to act as transduction elements by themselves. Among such nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and graphene are intensively studied. Biosensors provide rapid, real-time, accurate, and reliable information about the analyte under investigation and have been envisioned in a wide range of analytical applications, including medicine, food safety, bioprocessing, environmental/industrial monitoring, and electronics. A variety of biosensors, such as optical, spectroscopic, molecular, thermal, and piezoelectric, have been studied and applied in countless fields. In this book, examples of spectroscopic and optical biosensors and immunoassays are presented. Furthermore, two comprehensive reviews on optical biosensors are included

brain tumour diagnosis --- classification --- forward feature extraction algorithm --- intraoperative use --- Raman spectroscopy --- Raman probe --- SERS on ultrafine solid supports --- glass coverslips --- BPE --- thiol-DNA probe --- annealed gold nanostructures --- Brucella abortus --- Brucella melitensis --- Brucella suis --- optical fiber --- biosensor --- nucleotide probe --- light transmission --- diagnosis --- silver nanoparticles --- synthesis --- coating --- alloy --- core@shell --- LSPR --- biosensors --- water pollution --- environmental water --- drinking water --- milk --- heavy metal ions --- detection limits --- optical spectroscopy --- proteins --- functional nucleic acids --- flow-through immunoassay --- lateral flow immunoassay --- food allergen --- multiplex --- smartphone analysis --- carbon nanoparticle labeling

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Biosensors are analytical devices capable of providing quantitative or semi-quantitative information by using a biological recognition element and a transducer. Depending upon the nature of the recognition element, different surface sensitive techniques can be applied to monitor these molecular interactions. In order to increase sensitivities and to lower detection limits down to even individual molecules, nanomaterials are promising candidates. This is possible due to the potential to immobilize more bioreceptor units at reduced volumes and their ability to act as transduction elements by themselves. Among such nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and graphene are intensively studied. Biosensors provide rapid, real-time, accurate, and reliable information about the analyte under investigation and have been envisioned in a wide range of analytical applications, including medicine, food safety, bioprocessing, environmental/industrial monitoring, and electronics. A variety of biosensors, such as optical, spectroscopic, molecular, thermal, and piezoelectric, have been studied and applied in countless fields. In this book, examples of spectroscopic and optical biosensors and immunoassays are presented. Furthermore, two comprehensive reviews on optical biosensors are included

Research & information: general --- brain tumour diagnosis --- classification --- forward feature extraction algorithm --- intraoperative use --- Raman spectroscopy --- Raman probe --- SERS on ultrafine solid supports --- glass coverslips --- BPE --- thiol-DNA probe --- annealed gold nanostructures --- Brucella abortus --- Brucella melitensis --- Brucella suis --- optical fiber --- biosensor --- nucleotide probe --- light transmission --- diagnosis --- silver nanoparticles --- synthesis --- coating --- alloy --- core@shell --- LSPR --- biosensors --- water pollution --- environmental water --- drinking water --- milk --- heavy metal ions --- detection limits --- optical spectroscopy --- proteins --- functional nucleic acids --- flow-through immunoassay --- lateral flow immunoassay --- food allergen --- multiplex --- smartphone analysis --- carbon nanoparticle labeling