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TIN COMPOUNDS --- MICHAEL REACTION --- ALDOL CONDENSATION --- TIN COMPOUNDS --- MICHAEL REACTION --- ALDOL CONDENSATION

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Aldol Reactions provides a comprehensive up-to-date overview of aldol reactions including: Application of different metal enolates Catalytic aldol additions catalyzed by different Lewis acids and Lewis bases Enantioselective direct aldol additions Antibodies and enzyme catalyzed aldol additions The recent aggressive development of organocatalyzed aldol additions. The power of each method is demonstrated by several applications in total synthesis of natural products. The pros and cons of these methodologies with regard to stereoselectivity, regioselectivity and application in total synthesis of natural products are discussed. Great importance is set to the diverse possibilities of the manual of aldol reaction to install required configurations in complicated natural product synthesis.

Aldehydes -- Reactivity. --- Aldol condensation. --- Enols. --- Aldol condensation --- Aldehydes --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biochemistry --- Organic Chemistry --- Reactivity --- Reactivity. --- Chemistry. --- Organic chemistry. --- Organometallic chemistry. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemical engineering. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Organometallic Chemistry. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Condensation products (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Organic chemistry --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Organometallic chemistry . --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry, Organometallic --- Metallo-organic chemistry

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Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also known as two-dimensional anionic clays, as well as the derived materials, including hybrids, nanocomposites, mixed oxides, and supported metals, have been highlighted as outstanding heterogeneous catalysts with unlimited applications in various processes involving both acid–base (addition, alkylation, acylation, decarboxylation, etc.) and redox (oxidation, reduction, dehydrogenation, etc.) mechanisms. This is mainly due to their flexibility in chemical composition, allowing the fine tuning of the nature of the active sites and the control of the balance between them. Additionally, LDHs display a large anion exchange capacity and the possibility to modify their interlayer space, constraining the size and type of reactants entering in the interlamellar space. Furthermore, their easy and economic synthesis, with high levels of purity and efficiency, at both the laboratory and industrial scales, make LDHs and their derived materials excellent solid catalysts. This Special Issue collects original research papers, reviews, and commentaries focused on the catalytic applications of these remarkable materials.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- layered double hydroxides (LDH) --- polyoxometalates (POM) --- catalytic materials --- Michael addition --- cobalt-based LDHs --- ultrasonic irradiation --- synergistic effect --- photocatalysis --- nitrophenol degradation --- Zn,Al-hydrotalcite --- ZnO dispersed on alumina --- reusability --- layered double hydroxide --- LDH --- catalytic oxidation --- ethanol --- toluene --- VOC --- photocatalysts --- Cu electrodes --- diazo dyes --- electrocatalysts --- layer double hydroxides --- photoelectrochemical degradation --- hydrotalcites --- mixed oxides --- aldol condensation --- basic catalysts --- exfoliation --- nanosheets --- oxidation --- layered double hydroxides --- base catalysts --- epoxide --- formaldehyde --- oxidation removal --- BiOCl --- manganese --- biodiesel --- transesterification --- hydrothermal --- nickel --- aluminum --- solid base --- structured catalyst --- ethanol steam reforming --- aluminum lathe waste strips --- Ni nanoparticle --- mechano-chemical/co-precipitation synthesis --- organic alkalis (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) --- memory effect --- Claisen-Schmidt condensation --- self-cyclohexanone condensation --- n/a

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Biomass is widely considered as a potential alternative to dwindling fossil fuel reserves. There is a large variety of biomass sources (oleaginous, lignocellulosic, algae, etc.), with many possible conversion routes and products. Currently, biomass is not just viewed as a source of biofuels, but also as an interesting feedstock for the production of bio-based chemicals that could largely replace petrochemicals. In this context, the search for new sustainable and efficient alternatives to fossil sources is gaining increasing relevance within the chemical industry. There, the role of catalysis is often critical for the development of clean and sustainable processes, aiming to produce commodity chemicals or liquid fuels with a high efficiency and atom economy. This book gathers works at the cutting edge of investigation in the application of catalysis, for the sustainable conversion of biomass into biofuels and bio-based chemicals.

bamboo --- pretreatment --- magnetic solid acid --- corncob --- reducing sugar --- wood waste --- biofuel --- lignocellulosic biomass --- NaOH pretreatment --- anaerobic co-digestion --- biomass --- waste seashell --- aldol condensation --- heterogeneous catalyst --- hydrogenolysis --- polyols --- monosaccharides --- hemicelluloses extracted liquor --- ReOx-Rh/ZrO2 catalysts --- sulfonated hydrothermal carbon --- solketal --- sulfonic solids --- ketalization --- continuous flow --- aerobic oxidation --- ruthenium --- heterogeneous catalysis --- lignin valorization --- guaiacyl glycerol-β-guaiacyl ether --- pyrolysis --- ketonisation --- bio-oil --- turnover frequencies (TOFs) --- biomass-derived aqueous phase upgrading --- olefin production --- oxide catalyst zinc–zirconia --- bauxite --- Li2CO3 --- transesterification --- soybean oil --- glucose --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- LTL-zeolites --- used cooking oil --- deoxygenation --- decarboxylation --- decarbonylation --- nickel --- copper --- iron --- platinum --- hydrocarbons --- algae --- thermochemical conversion --- catalytic upgrading --- high-grade liquid fuel --- n/a --- oxide catalyst zinc-zirconia

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Biomass is widely considered as a potential alternative to dwindling fossil fuel reserves. There is a large variety of biomass sources (oleaginous, lignocellulosic, algae, etc.), with many possible conversion routes and products. Currently, biomass is not just viewed as a source of biofuels, but also as an interesting feedstock for the production of bio-based chemicals that could largely replace petrochemicals. In this context, the search for new sustainable and efficient alternatives to fossil sources is gaining increasing relevance within the chemical industry. There, the role of catalysis is often critical for the development of clean and sustainable processes, aiming to produce commodity chemicals or liquid fuels with a high efficiency and atom economy. This book gathers works at the cutting edge of investigation in the application of catalysis, for the sustainable conversion of biomass into biofuels and bio-based chemicals.

Technology: general issues --- bamboo --- pretreatment --- magnetic solid acid --- corncob --- reducing sugar --- wood waste --- biofuel --- lignocellulosic biomass --- NaOH pretreatment --- anaerobic co-digestion --- biomass --- waste seashell --- aldol condensation --- heterogeneous catalyst --- hydrogenolysis --- polyols --- monosaccharides --- hemicelluloses extracted liquor --- ReOx-Rh/ZrO2 catalysts --- sulfonated hydrothermal carbon --- solketal --- sulfonic solids --- ketalization --- continuous flow --- aerobic oxidation --- ruthenium --- heterogeneous catalysis --- lignin valorization --- guaiacyl glycerol-β-guaiacyl ether --- pyrolysis --- ketonisation --- bio-oil --- turnover frequencies (TOFs) --- biomass-derived aqueous phase upgrading --- olefin production --- oxide catalyst zinc-zirconia --- bauxite --- Li2CO3 --- transesterification --- soybean oil --- glucose --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- LTL-zeolites --- used cooking oil --- deoxygenation --- decarboxylation --- decarbonylation --- nickel --- copper --- iron --- platinum --- hydrocarbons --- algae --- thermochemical conversion --- catalytic upgrading --- high-grade liquid fuel --- bamboo --- pretreatment --- magnetic solid acid --- corncob --- reducing sugar --- wood waste --- biofuel --- lignocellulosic biomass --- NaOH pretreatment --- anaerobic co-digestion --- biomass --- waste seashell --- aldol condensation --- heterogeneous catalyst --- hydrogenolysis --- polyols --- monosaccharides --- hemicelluloses extracted liquor --- ReOx-Rh/ZrO2 catalysts --- sulfonated hydrothermal carbon --- solketal --- sulfonic solids --- ketalization --- continuous flow --- aerobic oxidation --- ruthenium --- heterogeneous catalysis --- lignin valorization --- guaiacyl glycerol-β-guaiacyl ether --- pyrolysis --- ketonisation --- bio-oil --- turnover frequencies (TOFs) --- biomass-derived aqueous phase upgrading --- olefin production --- oxide catalyst zinc-zirconia --- bauxite --- Li2CO3 --- transesterification --- soybean oil --- glucose --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- LTL-zeolites --- used cooking oil --- deoxygenation --- decarboxylation --- decarbonylation --- nickel --- copper --- iron --- platinum --- hydrocarbons --- algae --- thermochemical conversion --- catalytic upgrading --- high-grade liquid fuel