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This Special Issue addresses a topic of great relevance. In developed countries, there is a higher prevalence of people choosing to spend time indoors. Data show that the time a person spends at home ranges from 60% to 90% of the day, and 30% of that time is spent sleeping, though this varies depending on the individual. Taking into account these data, indoor residential environments have a direct influence on human health. Furthermore, in developing countries, significant levels of indoor pollution make housing unsafe, impacting the health of its inhabitants. Housing is therefore a key health factor for people all over the world: various parameters such as air quality, ventilation, hygrothermal comfort, lighting, physical environment, and building efficiency can contribute to healthy architecture; poor application of these parameters can result in conditions that negatively impact health.

gappy proper orthogonal decomposition --- sparse sensor observations --- contaminant distribution --- reconstruction --- CFD --- energy efficiency --- data envelopment analysis --- literature review --- future research --- weather data --- calibration --- sensors --- energy simulation --- sensors saving --- methodology --- Building Energy Models (BEMs) --- water flow glazing --- dynamic building envelope --- life cycle assessment --- building integrated PV panels --- levelized cost of energy --- daylighting --- circadian lighting --- indoor lighting --- dopamine --- myopia --- self-renovation --- habits and comfort --- sustainable building material --- cultural heritage buildings --- ventilation --- CFD analysis --- archaeology --- architecture --- native American Indians --- traditional architecture --- vernacular architecture --- indoor air quality --- COVID-19 --- educational buildings --- air purifier --- airborne transmission --- particulate matter --- dust pollution --- IAQ --- indoor–outdoor concentration ratio --- penetration factor --- air quality control

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This Special Issue aims at reporting current investigations on emerging materials and devices taking up the challenge of pursuing a significant improvement in the energy performance of buildings and indoor comfort. What is the contribution of innovative technologies in the epochal transition to low environmental impact buildings? This is the question addressed in this Special Issue, in order to offer a wide and heterogeneous amount of data to readers, along with results of high scientific impact concerning the application of innovative technologies in construction. The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change following the COP 21 Conference on Climate Change, organized by United Nations, required the States to reduce carbon emissions in the building stock. In the European Union, almost 50% of final energy consumption is used for heating and cooling; out of this huge amount, 80% is used in buildings. It makes sense, then, that the Union’s goals are inherently linked to the real effort to renovate the building stock. To do this, in the EU and worldwide, the priority is to enhance energy efficiency, by deploying low-cost renewable energies and innovative technologies, especially those derived from recent achievements in the field of nanomaterials research, with special reference to building integration of novel technologies, spanning from chromogenics to semitransparent photovoltaics, super-insulating materials, and phase change materials. Articles here proposed deal with every construction or plant component of the building organism, taking advantage of novel technologies to improve their performance, from the envelope to structures, HVAC, and other technical systems, as well as indoor climate analyses in buildings and indoor environmental quality (IEQ), as well as visual comfort indoors.

Technology: general issues --- window frame --- granular aerogel --- energy saving --- IEQ --- bioaerosols --- airborne bacteria --- airborne fungi --- ozone --- portable air purifier --- ozone generation --- biomimetics --- building skin --- multifunctionality --- architectural design --- building envelope --- adaptability --- design framework --- building performance simulation --- renewable energy --- perovskite solar cells --- BIPV --- semi-transparent --- challenges --- indoor air quality (IAQ) --- CO2 production rate --- CO2 concentration --- occupancy estimation --- demand controlled ventilation (DCV) --- energy efficiency --- Cu-Zn-Al --- shape memory --- SMA --- seismic --- ausforming --- transformation temperatures --- super elasticity --- microstructure --- ventilated facade --- second-skin materials --- 3D printed materials --- additive manufacturing --- TRNSYS --- full-scale facility --- retrofit action --- deep reinforcement learning --- optimal control --- optimization --- HYBUILD --- thermal energy storage --- residential buildings --- noise pollution --- environmental factors --- property prices --- genetic algorithm --- residential market --- phase change materials --- hybrid ventilated school building --- indoor thermal comfort --- thermal management --- energy conservation --- n/a

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This Special Issue aims at reporting current investigations on emerging materials and devices taking up the challenge of pursuing a significant improvement in the energy performance of buildings and indoor comfort. What is the contribution of innovative technologies in the epochal transition to low environmental impact buildings? This is the question addressed in this Special Issue, in order to offer a wide and heterogeneous amount of data to readers, along with results of high scientific impact concerning the application of innovative technologies in construction. The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change following the COP 21 Conference on Climate Change, organized by United Nations, required the States to reduce carbon emissions in the building stock. In the European Union, almost 50% of final energy consumption is used for heating and cooling; out of this huge amount, 80% is used in buildings. It makes sense, then, that the Union’s goals are inherently linked to the real effort to renovate the building stock. To do this, in the EU and worldwide, the priority is to enhance energy efficiency, by deploying low-cost renewable energies and innovative technologies, especially those derived from recent achievements in the field of nanomaterials research, with special reference to building integration of novel technologies, spanning from chromogenics to semitransparent photovoltaics, super-insulating materials, and phase change materials. Articles here proposed deal with every construction or plant component of the building organism, taking advantage of novel technologies to improve their performance, from the envelope to structures, HVAC, and other technical systems, as well as indoor climate analyses in buildings and indoor environmental quality (IEQ), as well as visual comfort indoors.

Technology: general issues --- window frame --- granular aerogel --- energy saving --- IEQ --- bioaerosols --- airborne bacteria --- airborne fungi --- ozone --- portable air purifier --- ozone generation --- biomimetics --- building skin --- multifunctionality --- architectural design --- building envelope --- adaptability --- design framework --- building performance simulation --- renewable energy --- perovskite solar cells --- BIPV --- semi-transparent --- challenges --- indoor air quality (IAQ) --- CO2 production rate --- CO2 concentration --- occupancy estimation --- demand controlled ventilation (DCV) --- energy efficiency --- Cu-Zn-Al --- shape memory --- SMA --- seismic --- ausforming --- transformation temperatures --- super elasticity --- microstructure --- ventilated facade --- second-skin materials --- 3D printed materials --- additive manufacturing --- TRNSYS --- full-scale facility --- retrofit action --- deep reinforcement learning --- optimal control --- optimization --- HYBUILD --- thermal energy storage --- residential buildings --- noise pollution --- environmental factors --- property prices --- genetic algorithm --- residential market --- phase change materials --- hybrid ventilated school building --- indoor thermal comfort --- thermal management --- energy conservation

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The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Personal Air Pollution Exposure (PAPE) --- air pollution monitoring --- IoT --- Air Quality Decision Support System --- health impact --- air pollution --- public concern --- air quality index --- Baidu index --- Shanghai --- air quality --- crowd-sensing --- crowd-sourced sensing --- environmental analysis --- pollution --- particulate matter --- dust sensor --- human exposure --- Arduino --- wireless networks --- oxides --- traffic --- state space --- milan --- area b --- cross validation --- policy intervention analysis --- counter-factual --- unobservable components --- PM2.5 --- population exposure --- tier-models --- health burden misclassification --- BenMap-CE --- tuberculosis --- infectious disease --- time-series --- Poisson regression --- kriging --- road dust --- PM10 emission factors --- enrichment index --- human health risk --- atmospheric aerosols --- bioaerosols --- culturable bacteria --- long-term trends --- hazard for human --- indoor air quality --- e-cigarettes --- heat-not-burn tobacco --- traditional smoking products --- tobacco smoke --- passenger cars --- lung inflammation --- allergy --- indoor pollutants --- biomarkers --- FeNO --- eosinophil --- neutrophil --- fine particulate matter --- economic growth --- urbanization --- industrialization --- Granger causality test --- air pollutants --- monitoring --- seasonality --- chemical characterization --- source apportionment --- particulate matters (PM) --- air purifier --- experiment --- real-time monitoring unit --- transfer unit --- occupant --- breathing zone --- cooking fuel --- household air pollution --- preterm births --- perinatal mortality --- low birth weight --- stillbirth --- Nigeria