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Archaeologists have long associated the development of agriculture with the rise of the state. But the archaeology of the Amazon Basin, revealing traces of agriculture but lacking evidence of statehood, confounds their assumptions. John H. Walker's innovative study of the Bolivian Amazon addresses this contradiction by examining the agricultural landscape and analyzing the earthworks from an archaeological perspective. The archaeological data is presented in ascending scale throughout the book. Scholars across archaeology and environmental anthropology will find the methodology and theoretical arguments essential for further study.

Historic agricultural landscapes --- Landscape archaeology

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This Frontis Publication is based on the workshop on "The New Dimensions of the European Landscape" that was held in Wageningen on 10-12 June 2002. The workshop was aiming to develop visions on the landscape in Europe, its development and design in the future and to strengthen the international network in landscape planning. This book contains the majority of the contributions; only a few have not been included due to various reasons. The European Landscape is under stress of globalization, the disappearance of the iron curtain and the recent EU enlargement to 25 countries. The European landscapes as we know them now are facing huge changes. The rural and cultural heritage of Europe has to be adapted to the new situation, but it is also worth to be conserved as it represents the European history in the same way as castles and churches. It cannot be avoided that Europe adapts to the new dimensions of the world. We, in Europe, have to define what we think is important, what must be conserved and what can be adapted to be used for new functions. In this workshop no final answers have been given, but the various aspects have been discussed and new roads are presented. One thing is agreed: education is needed to teach the urban dweller his or her rural past. That is the basis for the rural economy and the persistence of the cultural landscape.

Agriculture --- European landscape. --- Geografie --- Historic agricultural landscapes --- Land use --- Landscape assessment --- Rural-urban relations --- Landschapskunde --- Algemeen.

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Geografie --- Historic agricultural landscapes --- Landschapskunde --- Algemeen. --- Yorkshire Dales (England) --- Yorkshire Dales (England) --- Yorkshire Dales (England) --- Antiquities. --- History.

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Agriculture --- Basic Sciences. Agriculture --- Contingent valuation. --- Historic agricultural landscapes --- Landscape protection --- Landscape protection --- Environmental aspects --- Agriculture by Geographic Region --- Europe. --- Parco nazionale di Cilento-Vallo de Diano (Italy).

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Terraced agricultural landscapes in Africa are remarkable feats of human engineering and social organization, enabling the conservation of soil and water and the cultivation of food. Indigenous terraced landscapes are all the more valuable because they have been produced by the people themselves and maintained for several hundred years, evidencing a valuable degree of sustainability. Yet until this book, there have been few accounts of how such landscapes in Africa are produced and maintained over time. Taking a period of approximately a hundred years, 'Living Terraces' is both an ethnography and history of the terraces of Konso in southern Ethiopia. It traces the way Konso agriculture and landscape has been produced and managed in close relationship with broader changes in Konso political and cultural lives. In shedding new light on the relationships between landscapes, livelihoods, culture and development, the book demonstrates the embeddedness of social institutions in areas of social, cultural, religious and political life, showing that social institutions cannot easily be abstracted, replicated or used instrumentally for development purposes. The result is a call for an approach to social institutions, so vital to development, which centralizes a study of culture, history and power in the analysis. ELIZABETH E. WATSON is a Lecturer in the Department of Geography, University of Cambridge.

Konso (African people) --- Terracing --- Cultural landscapes --- Cultural geography --- Landscapes --- Landscape archaeology --- Agricultural terracing --- Crop terracing --- Cultivation, Terrace --- Land terracing --- Terrace cultivation --- Terraces (Agriculture) --- Soil conservation --- Tillage --- Water conservation --- Af-Kareti (African people) --- Conso (African people) --- Gato (African people) --- Karate (African people) --- Kareti (African people) --- Komso (African people) --- Konsinya (African people) --- Cushites --- Ethnology --- Agriculture. --- History. --- Konso Special Woreda --- Africa. --- Culture. --- Development. --- Elizabeth E. Watson. --- Ethiopia. --- Heritage Resources. --- Konso. --- Livelihoods. --- Power. --- Social Institutions. --- Terraced Agricultural Landscapes. --- University of Cambridge.