Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

A large literature documents the positive influence of a city's skill structure on its rate of economic growth. By contrast, the effect of a city's age structure on its economic growth has been a hitherto largely neglected area of research. This paper hypothesizes that cities with more working-age adults are likely to grow faster than cities with more children or seniors. The paper sets out the potential channels through which such differential growth may occur. Using data from a variety of historical and contemporary sources, it shows that there exists marked variation in the age structure of the world's largest cities, across cities and over time. It then studies how age structure affects economic growth for a global cross-section of mega-cities. Using various identification strategies, the analysis finds that mega-cities with higher dependency ratios, that is, with more children and/or seniors per working-age adult, grow significantly slower. Such effects are particularly pronounced for cities with high shares of children. This result appears to be driven mainly by the direct, negative effects of a higher dependency ratio on the size of the working-age population and the indirect effects on work hours and productivity for working-age adults within a city.

Age Structure --- Agglomeration Effect --- Aging --- Demographics --- Dependency Ratio --- Economic Theory and Research --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Human Capital --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development --- Urbanization

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Ever since the acorn woodpecker was observed and described by Spanish explorers, its behavior--particularly the unique habit of caching acorns in specialized storage trees or granaries--has impressed observers. Acorn woodpeckers are also one of the few temperate zone species in which young are reared communally in family groups. This demographic study investigates the complexities of acorn storage and group living in acorn woodpeckers at Hastings Reservation in central coastal California. It is one of the most thorough studies of any avian social system to date.

Acorn woodpecker --- Ecology. --- Age structure. --- Autumn nesting. --- Bee-eater, white-fronted. --- Campylorhynchus. --- Cervus elaphus. --- Competition, reproductive. --- Dunnock. --- Eggs: causes of mortality. --- Fitness, estimation of. --- Group composition. --- Grub theory. --- Hawk, Cooper's. --- Inbreeding. --- Kingfisher, pied. --- Migration. --- Nutcracker, Clark's. --- Owl, northern pygmy. --- Panthera leo. --- Postdoctoral student analogy. --- Reciprocity. --- Skill hypothesis. --- Social facilitation. --- Territorial inheritance. --- Variance: enhancement.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book gathers a number of selected contributions aimed at providing a balanced picture of the main research lines in the realm of delay differential equations and their applications to mathematical modelling. The contributions have been carefully selected so that they cover interesting theoretical and practical analysis performed in the deterministic and the stochastic settings. The reader will find a complete overview of recent advances in ordinary and partial delay differential equations with applications in other multidisciplinary areas such as Finance, Epidemiology or Engineering

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- delay systems --- nonstandard numerical methods --- dynamic consistency --- semilinear problems with delay --- hyperbolic equations --- difference scheme --- stability --- Hilbert space --- SEIRS model --- age structure --- time delay --- traveling wave solution --- local asymptotic stability --- Hopf bifurcation --- spot freight rates --- freight options --- stochastic diffusion process --- stochastic delay differential equation --- risk-neutral measure --- arbitration arguments --- partial differential equations --- second-order dual phase lag equation --- laser heating --- thin metal films --- melting and resolidification --- finite difference method --- random linear delay differential equation --- stochastic forcing term --- random Lp-calculus --- uncertainty quantification --- delay random differential equation --- non-standard finite difference method --- mean square convergence --- size-structured population --- consumer-resource model --- delay differential equation --- numerical methods --- characteristics method --- convergence analysis --- implementation delay --- information delay --- stability switching curve --- Cournot oligopoly --- growth rate dynamics --- fractional convection diffusion-wave equations --- compact difference scheme --- nonlinear delay --- spatial variable coefficients --- convergence and stability --- Gerasimov–Caputo fractional derivative --- differential equation with delay --- degenerate evolution equation --- fixed point theorem --- relaxation mode --- large parameter --- asymptotics --- HIV infection --- mathematical delay model --- eclipse phase --- NSFD --- numerical simulation --- delay systems --- nonstandard numerical methods --- dynamic consistency --- semilinear problems with delay --- hyperbolic equations --- difference scheme --- stability --- Hilbert space --- SEIRS model --- age structure --- time delay --- traveling wave solution --- local asymptotic stability --- Hopf bifurcation --- spot freight rates --- freight options --- stochastic diffusion process --- stochastic delay differential equation --- risk-neutral measure --- arbitration arguments --- partial differential equations --- second-order dual phase lag equation --- laser heating --- thin metal films --- melting and resolidification --- finite difference method --- random linear delay differential equation --- stochastic forcing term --- random Lp-calculus --- uncertainty quantification --- delay random differential equation --- non-standard finite difference method --- mean square convergence --- size-structured population --- consumer-resource model --- delay differential equation --- numerical methods --- characteristics method --- convergence analysis --- implementation delay --- information delay --- stability switching curve --- Cournot oligopoly --- growth rate dynamics --- fractional convection diffusion-wave equations --- compact difference scheme --- nonlinear delay --- spatial variable coefficients --- convergence and stability --- Gerasimov–Caputo fractional derivative --- differential equation with delay --- degenerate evolution equation --- fixed point theorem --- relaxation mode --- large parameter --- asymptotics --- HIV infection --- mathematical delay model --- eclipse phase --- NSFD --- numerical simulation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book gathers a number of selected contributions aimed at providing a balanced picture of the main research lines in the realm of delay differential equations and their applications to mathematical modelling. The contributions have been carefully selected so that they cover interesting theoretical and practical analysis performed in the deterministic and the stochastic settings. The reader will find a complete overview of recent advances in ordinary and partial delay differential equations with applications in other multidisciplinary areas such as Finance, Epidemiology or Engineering

delay systems --- nonstandard numerical methods --- dynamic consistency --- semilinear problems with delay --- hyperbolic equations --- difference scheme --- stability --- Hilbert space --- SEIRS model --- age structure --- time delay --- traveling wave solution --- local asymptotic stability --- Hopf bifurcation --- spot freight rates --- freight options --- stochastic diffusion process --- stochastic delay differential equation --- risk-neutral measure --- arbitration arguments --- partial differential equations --- second-order dual phase lag equation --- laser heating --- thin metal films --- melting and resolidification --- finite difference method --- random linear delay differential equation --- stochastic forcing term --- random Lp-calculus --- uncertainty quantification --- delay random differential equation --- non-standard finite difference method --- mean square convergence --- size-structured population --- consumer-resource model --- delay differential equation --- numerical methods --- characteristics method --- convergence analysis --- implementation delay --- information delay --- stability switching curve --- Cournot oligopoly --- growth rate dynamics --- fractional convection diffusion-wave equations --- compact difference scheme --- nonlinear delay --- spatial variable coefficients --- convergence and stability --- Gerasimov–Caputo fractional derivative --- differential equation with delay --- degenerate evolution equation --- fixed point theorem --- relaxation mode --- large parameter --- asymptotics --- HIV infection --- mathematical delay model --- eclipse phase --- NSFD --- numerical simulation