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Additive manufacturing (AM) methods have grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. AM for polymers is particularly exciting and has great potential in transformative and translational research in many fields, such as biomedicine, aerospace, and even electronics. The current methods for polymer AM include material extrusion, material jetting, vat polymerization, and powder bed fusion. In this Special Issue, state-of-the-art reviews and current research results, which focus on the process–structure–properties relationships in polymer additive manufacturing, are reported. These include, but are not limited to, assessing the effect of process parameters, post-processing, and characterization techniques.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- tray location --- build direction --- surface finish --- matte --- glossy --- magnetic polymer composites --- anisotropic properties --- dual-cure resin --- polymer casting --- additive manufacturing --- thermoplastic polyurethane --- polylactic acid --- trachea scaffold --- 3D filament --- selective laser sintering --- di-carboxylic acids --- plasticizers --- solid oral forms --- printability --- heating temperature --- Peano curve --- composite --- PolyJet 3D printing --- rule of mixture --- multi-material printing --- biodegradable polyesters --- polyglycolic acid (PGA) --- fused deposition modeling (FDM) --- triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) --- mechanical property --- poly(lactic acid) --- optimization --- simulation --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- polymers --- material jetting --- 3D printing --- airfoil --- aerodynamic model --- design of experiments --- surface roughness --- photopolymerization --- curing strategy --- reaction heat --- shrinkage and warpage --- powder bed fusion --- laser sintering --- isothermal --- low temperature laser sintering --- selective laser melting --- n/a

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Currently, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions is considered as the state-of-the-art in the modeling of unsteady nonlinear flow physics and offers an early and improved understanding of air vehicle aerodynamics and stability and control characteristics. This Special Issue covers recent computational efforts on simulation of aerospace vehicles including fighter aircraft, rotorcraft, propeller driven vehicles, unmanned vehicle, projectiles, and air drop configurations. The complex flow physics of these configurations pose significant challenges in CFD modeling. Some of these challenges include prediction of vortical flows and shock waves, rapid maneuvering aircraft with fast moving control surfaces, and interactions between propellers and wing, fluid and structure, boundary layer and shock waves. Additional topic of interest in this Special Issue is the use of CFD tools in aircraft design and flight mechanics. The problem with these applications is the computational cost involved, particularly if this is viewed as a brute-force calculation of vehicle’s aerodynamics through its flight envelope. To make progress in routinely using of CFD in aircraft design, methods based on sampling, model updating and system identification should be considered.

numerical methods --- modeling --- aerodynamics --- Taylor–Green vortex --- slender-body --- neural networks --- shock-channel --- wind gust responses --- installed propeller --- bifurcation --- RANS --- wake --- multi-directional --- bluff body --- MDO --- variable fidelity --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- high angles of attack --- aeroelasticity --- computational fluid dynamics --- wind tunnel --- Godunov method --- flow control --- unsteady aerodynamic characteristics --- overset grid approach --- convolution integral --- MUSCL --- DDES --- dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model --- CPACS --- flutter --- reduced-order model --- meshing --- vortex generators --- hybrid reduced-order model --- microfluidics --- Riemann solver --- characteristics-based scheme --- CFD --- wing–propeller aerodynamic interaction --- kinetic energy dissipation --- Euler --- formation --- square cylinder --- multi-fidelity --- turbulence model --- subsonic --- large eddy simulation --- after-body --- flow distortion --- VLM --- numerical dissipation --- hypersonic --- modified equation analysis --- fluid mechanics --- reduced order aerodynamic model --- p-factor --- URANS --- flexible wings --- chemistry --- detection --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) --- angle of attack --- sharp-edge gust --- truncation error --- aerodynamic performance --- quasi-analytical --- gasdynamics --- discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG–FEM) --- geometry --- S-duct diffuser

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Currently, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions is considered as the state-of-the-art in the modeling of unsteady nonlinear flow physics and offers an early and improved understanding of air vehicle aerodynamics and stability and control characteristics. This Special Issue covers recent computational efforts on simulation of aerospace vehicles including fighter aircraft, rotorcraft, propeller driven vehicles, unmanned vehicle, projectiles, and air drop configurations. The complex flow physics of these configurations pose significant challenges in CFD modeling. Some of these challenges include prediction of vortical flows and shock waves, rapid maneuvering aircraft with fast moving control surfaces, and interactions between propellers and wing, fluid and structure, boundary layer and shock waves. Additional topic of interest in this Special Issue is the use of CFD tools in aircraft design and flight mechanics. The problem with these applications is the computational cost involved, particularly if this is viewed as a brute-force calculation of vehicle’s aerodynamics through its flight envelope. To make progress in routinely using of CFD in aircraft design, methods based on sampling, model updating and system identification should be considered.

numerical methods --- modeling --- aerodynamics --- Taylor–Green vortex --- slender-body --- neural networks --- shock-channel --- wind gust responses --- installed propeller --- bifurcation --- RANS --- wake --- multi-directional --- bluff body --- MDO --- variable fidelity --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- high angles of attack --- aeroelasticity --- computational fluid dynamics --- wind tunnel --- Godunov method --- flow control --- unsteady aerodynamic characteristics --- overset grid approach --- convolution integral --- MUSCL --- DDES --- dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model --- CPACS --- flutter --- reduced-order model --- meshing --- vortex generators --- hybrid reduced-order model --- microfluidics --- Riemann solver --- characteristics-based scheme --- CFD --- wing–propeller aerodynamic interaction --- kinetic energy dissipation --- Euler --- formation --- square cylinder --- multi-fidelity --- turbulence model --- subsonic --- large eddy simulation --- after-body --- flow distortion --- VLM --- numerical dissipation --- hypersonic --- modified equation analysis --- fluid mechanics --- reduced order aerodynamic model --- p-factor --- URANS --- flexible wings --- chemistry --- detection --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) --- angle of attack --- sharp-edge gust --- truncation error --- aerodynamic performance --- quasi-analytical --- gasdynamics --- discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG–FEM) --- geometry --- S-duct diffuser --- numerical methods --- modeling --- aerodynamics --- Taylor–Green vortex --- slender-body --- neural networks --- shock-channel --- wind gust responses --- installed propeller --- bifurcation --- RANS --- wake --- multi-directional --- bluff body --- MDO --- variable fidelity --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- high angles of attack --- aeroelasticity --- computational fluid dynamics --- wind tunnel --- Godunov method --- flow control --- unsteady aerodynamic characteristics --- overset grid approach --- convolution integral --- MUSCL --- DDES --- dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model --- CPACS --- flutter --- reduced-order model --- meshing --- vortex generators --- hybrid reduced-order model --- microfluidics --- Riemann solver --- characteristics-based scheme --- CFD --- wing–propeller aerodynamic interaction --- kinetic energy dissipation --- Euler --- formation --- square cylinder --- multi-fidelity --- turbulence model --- subsonic --- large eddy simulation --- after-body --- flow distortion --- VLM --- numerical dissipation --- hypersonic --- modified equation analysis --- fluid mechanics --- reduced order aerodynamic model --- p-factor --- URANS --- flexible wings --- chemistry --- detection --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) --- angle of attack --- sharp-edge gust --- truncation error --- aerodynamic performance --- quasi-analytical --- gasdynamics --- discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG–FEM) --- geometry --- S-duct diffuser

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Power network operators are rapidly incorporating wind power generation into their power grids to meet the widely accepted carbon neutrality targets and facilitate the transition from conventional fossil-fuel energy sources to clean and low-carbon renewable energy sources. Complex stability issues, such as frequency, voltage, and oscillatory instability, are frequently reported in the power grids of many countries and regions (e.g., Germany, Denmark, Ireland, and South Australia) due to the substantially increased wind power generation. Control techniques, such as virtual/emulated inertia and damping controls, could be developed to address these stability issues, and additional devices, such as energy storage systems, can also be deployed to mitigate the adverse impact of high wind power generation on various system stability problems. Moreover, other wind power integration aspects, such as capacity planning and the short- and long-term forecasting of wind power generation, also require careful attention to ensure grid security and reliability. This book includes fourteen novel research articles published in this Energies Special Issue on Wind Power Integration into Power Systems: Stability and Control Aspects, with topics ranging from stability and control to system capacity planning and forecasting.

Technology: general issues --- Energy industries & utilities --- DFIG --- ES --- virtual inertia control --- capacity allocation --- fuzzy logic controller --- wind power generation --- multi-model predictive control --- fuzzy clustering --- virtual synchronous generator --- doubly fed induction generator --- sub-synchronous resonance --- impedance modeling --- renewable energy sources (RESs) --- regional RoCoF --- model-based operational planning --- linear sensitivity-based method (LSM) --- cumulant-based method (CBM) --- collaborative capacity planning --- distributed wind power (DWP) --- energy storage system (ESS) --- optimization --- variable-structure copula --- Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method --- wind turbine wake model --- 3D aerodynamic model --- turbulence model --- correction modules --- hybrid prediction model --- wavelet decomposition --- long short-term memory --- scenario analysis --- weak grids --- full-converter wind --- active power output --- control parameters --- subsynchronous oscillation --- eigenvalue analysis --- doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) --- wind generation --- frequency control --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- error following forget gate-based long short-term memory --- ultra-short-term prediction --- wind power --- load frequency control (LFC) --- wind farm --- particle swarm optimization --- kinetic energy --- inertial response --- low inertia --- the center of inertia --- frequency response metrics --- wind integration --- PSS/E --- FORTRAN --- electromechanical dynamics --- FCWG dynamics --- strong interaction --- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (ELCR) --- FCWG dynamic correlation ratio (FDCR) --- quasi- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (QELCR) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) --- supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) --- rotor overspeed control --- low voltage ride through (LVRT) --- capacity configuration of SCES --- n/a --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method

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The most influential research topic in the twenty-first century seems to be mathematics, as it generates innovation in a wide range of research fields. It supports all engineering fields, but also areas such as medicine, healthcare, business, etc. Therefore, the intention of this Special Issue is to deal with mathematical works related to engineering and multidisciplinary problems. Modern developments in theoretical and applied science have widely depended our knowledge of the derivatives and integrals of the fractional order appearing in engineering practices. Therefore, one goal of this Special Issue is to focus on recent achievements and future challenges in the theory and applications of fractional calculus in engineering sciences. The special issue included some original research articles that address significant issues and contribute towards the development of new concepts, methodologies, applications, trends and knowledge in mathematics. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Fractional mathematical models; Computational methods for the fractional PDEs in engineering; New mathematical approaches, innovations and challenges in biotechnologies and biomedicine; Applied mathematics; Engineering research based on advanced mathematical tools.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- fractional order IMC --- first order plus dead-time processes --- event-based implementation --- numerical simulations --- comparative closed loop results --- nonlinear wave phenomen --- RBF --- local RBF-FD --- stability --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- quaternion-based estimator --- low-cost design --- automatic optical inspection --- kinetic theory --- parallel robots --- robust control --- sliding mode control --- basinI --- basinII --- mean pressure head --- pressure head with different probabilities of occurrence --- standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations --- statistical modeling --- USBR --- desalination --- humidification-dehumidification --- waste heat recovery --- mathematical model --- yearly analysis --- thermo-economics --- multi-objective optimization --- cruise altitude --- fuel consumption --- time to climb --- Hermite-Simpson method --- trajectory optimization --- terminal residual analysis (TRA) --- m-σ terminal residual analysis (m-σ TRA) --- power transformer --- stray losses --- analytical methods --- finite element method --- gridshell structures --- shape ratio --- length ratio --- regularity --- particle swarm optimization --- genetic algorithm --- hybrid nanofluid --- dual solutions --- mixed convection --- stagnation point --- radiation --- stability analysis --- machine learning --- eXterme Gradient Boosting --- Computation Fluid Dynamics --- blade vibration --- unsteady aerodynamic model --- active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) --- multiobjective optimization --- time delay systems --- tuning rules --- soft robotics --- fractional calculus --- CACSD toolbox --- operating point linearization --- automatic uncertainty bound computation --- Model-in-the-Loop simulation --- hybrid simulation --- ℋ∞ control --- μ synthesis --- DC-to-DC power converters --- buck --- boost --- SEPIC --- rainfall-runoff model --- curve number --- inferential statistics --- 3D runoff difference model --- model calibration --- PAT model --- modified affinity laws --- hydraulic simulation tool --- μ-synthesis --- fractional-order control --- swarm optimization --- artificial bee colony optimization --- CNC machine --- mixed sensitivity --- D–K iteration --- Linear Matrix Inequality --- biotechnology --- fermentation process --- batch bioreactors --- modeling --- control system design and synthesis --- linear control --- adaptive control --- model reference adaptive control --- control system realization --- mixed-sensitivity --- FO-PID --- twin rotor aerodynamic system --- fractional order IMC --- first order plus dead-time processes --- event-based implementation --- numerical simulations --- comparative closed loop results --- nonlinear wave phenomen --- RBF --- local RBF-FD --- stability --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- quaternion-based estimator --- low-cost design --- automatic optical inspection --- kinetic theory --- parallel robots --- robust control --- sliding mode control --- basinI --- basinII --- mean pressure head --- pressure head with different probabilities of occurrence --- standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations --- statistical modeling --- USBR --- desalination --- humidification-dehumidification --- waste heat recovery --- mathematical model --- yearly analysis --- thermo-economics --- multi-objective optimization --- cruise altitude --- fuel consumption --- time to climb --- Hermite-Simpson method --- trajectory optimization --- terminal residual analysis (TRA) --- m-σ terminal residual analysis (m-σ TRA) --- power transformer --- stray losses --- analytical methods --- finite element method --- gridshell structures --- shape ratio --- length ratio --- regularity --- particle swarm optimization --- genetic algorithm --- hybrid nanofluid --- dual solutions --- mixed convection --- stagnation point --- radiation --- stability analysis --- machine learning --- eXterme Gradient Boosting --- Computation Fluid Dynamics --- blade vibration --- unsteady aerodynamic model --- active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) --- multiobjective optimization --- time delay systems --- tuning rules --- soft robotics --- fractional calculus --- CACSD toolbox --- operating point linearization --- automatic uncertainty bound computation --- Model-in-the-Loop simulation --- hybrid simulation --- ℋ∞ control --- μ synthesis --- DC-to-DC power converters --- buck --- boost --- SEPIC --- rainfall-runoff model --- curve number --- inferential statistics --- 3D runoff difference model --- model calibration --- PAT model --- modified affinity laws --- hydraulic simulation tool --- μ-synthesis --- fractional-order control --- swarm optimization --- artificial bee colony optimization --- CNC machine --- mixed sensitivity --- D–K iteration --- Linear Matrix Inequality --- biotechnology --- fermentation process --- batch bioreactors --- modeling --- control system design and synthesis --- linear control --- adaptive control --- model reference adaptive control --- control system realization --- mixed-sensitivity --- FO-PID --- twin rotor aerodynamic system