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The book presents a method to create a land cover map from lidar data (elevation, intensity and standard deviation of height). The intensity of the observed object depends on many factors and is therefore not easy to interpret. With careful study of the problem and implementing various improvements we managed to distinctively classify categories of grass, agricultural fields and asphalt. We used standard deviation of height to differentiate trees and buildings, because this was not possible using intensity data alone. On the basis of independent lidar data a high quality three dimensional land cover map of local area has been successfully generated. It distinguishes five basic categories, although more detailed sub-categories could be introduced if necessary. Once the methodology is determined, products can be generated fully automatically, with minimal effort and costs. The resulting maps are of very high positional and thematic accuracy with numerous advantages for local studies. Knjiga opisuje postopek izdelave karte pokrovnosti iz podatkov lidarskega snemanja, kot so višina, intenziteta in standardni odklon višine. Intenziteta opazovanega objekta je odvisna od vrste dejavnikov in zato težavna za interpretacijo. Po njeni preučitvi in nekaterih izboljšavah smo zelo dobro razločili kategorije pokrovnosti trava, njive in asfalt, za razločitev dreves in stavb pa smo morali uporabiti še standardni odklon višin. Na osnovi samostojnih lidarskih podatkov smo uspeli izdelati kakovostno karto pokrovnosti krajevnega območja, ki loči pet osnovnih kategorij, po potrebi pa jih lahko ločimo tudi več. Ko je postopek izdelave karte znan, lahko karto izdelamo povsem samodejno, z minimalnim naporom in stroški. Pri tem dobimo karto zelo dobre položajne in tematske natančnosti, s številnimi prednostmi za krajevne študije.

aerial laser scanning --- coverage --- intensity --- land cover --- lidar --- remote sensing --- Slovenia --- daljinsko zaznavanje --- intenziteta --- pokrovnost --- pokrovnost tal --- Slovenija --- zračno lasersko skeniranje

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Both climate change and air pollution have large negative impacts on physiological processes and functions at the individual tree level and on whole forest ecosystems. The objective of climate change and air quality monitoring is to make decisions, based on scientific knowledge, regarding how to best manage and improve the current state of the environment. Our ability to take urgent measures to combat climate change and its impact on forest ecosystems and conserve forest biodiversity depends upon our knowledge of the latest scientific results on the status of forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are a lot of gaps in our knowledge of the detection and monitoring of their effects on forest ecosystems. This book presents relevant results from scientific research in the fields of climate change, air pollution, forest conservation, protection and monitoring that can contribute to a better science–policy interaction and to the elaboration of specific strategies, in accordance with the areas of forest sciences from IUFRO RG 8.04.00 - Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems.

Research & information: general --- silver fir --- radial growth --- wood characteristics --- drought response --- climate change --- current annual increment --- percentage volume increment --- basal area --- tree diameter --- tree form-height --- air pollution --- increment cores --- Norway spruce --- radial growth series --- gas exchange --- ecosystem restoration --- mountain forests --- photosynthesis --- diagnostic assessment --- forest ecosystem --- reference information --- restoration plan --- biodiversity --- forests --- valuing ecosystem services --- policy making --- SWAT --- hydrological model --- sensitivity analysis --- calibration --- validation --- small forested watershed --- temperate forests --- climate change effects --- Southern Carpathian forest management --- forest growth --- forest biomass --- virgin forests --- ecosystem services --- natural capital --- socio-economic system --- ecological indicators --- terrestrial laser scanning --- aerial laser scanning --- LANDIS-II --- PnET --- Southern Carpathians --- production --- species composition --- species abundance --- Romanian temperate forests --- n/a

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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Both climate change and air pollution have large negative impacts on physiological processes and functions at the individual tree level and on whole forest ecosystems. The objective of climate change and air quality monitoring is to make decisions, based on scientific knowledge, regarding how to best manage and improve the current state of the environment. Our ability to take urgent measures to combat climate change and its impact on forest ecosystems and conserve forest biodiversity depends upon our knowledge of the latest scientific results on the status of forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are a lot of gaps in our knowledge of the detection and monitoring of their effects on forest ecosystems. This book presents relevant results from scientific research in the fields of climate change, air pollution, forest conservation, protection and monitoring that can contribute to a better science–policy interaction and to the elaboration of specific strategies, in accordance with the areas of forest sciences from IUFRO RG 8.04.00 - Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems.

Research & information: general --- silver fir --- radial growth --- wood characteristics --- drought response --- climate change --- current annual increment --- percentage volume increment --- basal area --- tree diameter --- tree form-height --- air pollution --- increment cores --- Norway spruce --- radial growth series --- gas exchange --- ecosystem restoration --- mountain forests --- photosynthesis --- diagnostic assessment --- forest ecosystem --- reference information --- restoration plan --- biodiversity --- forests --- valuing ecosystem services --- policy making --- SWAT --- hydrological model --- sensitivity analysis --- calibration --- validation --- small forested watershed --- temperate forests --- climate change effects --- Southern Carpathian forest management --- forest growth --- forest biomass --- virgin forests --- ecosystem services --- natural capital --- socio-economic system --- ecological indicators --- terrestrial laser scanning --- aerial laser scanning --- LANDIS-II --- PnET --- Southern Carpathians --- production --- species composition --- species abundance --- Romanian temperate forests