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This paper attempts to improve the understanding and measurement of decentralization and its relationship with corruption in a worldwide context. This is done by presenting the conceptual underpinnings of such relationship as well as using superior and more defensible measures of both decentralization in its various dimensions as well as corruption for a sample of 182 countries. It is the first paper that treats various tiers of local governments (below the inter-mediate order of government) as the unit of comparative analysis. In contrast, previous analyses erroneously focused on subnational governments as the unit of analysis which yields invalid cross-country comparisons. By pursuing rigorous econometric analysis, the paper demonstrates that decentralization, when properly measured to mean moving government closer to people by empowering local governments, is shown to have significant negative effect on the incidence of corruption regardless of the choice of the estimation procedures or the measures of corruption used. In terms of various dimensions of decentralized local governance, political decentralization matters even when we control for fiscal decentralization. Further voice (political accountability) is empirically shown to be more important in combating corruption than exit options made available through competition among jurisdictions.

Accountability --- Accountability in governance --- Administrative autonomy --- Banks & Banking Reform --- Central agencies --- Citizen participation --- Citizens --- Corruption --- Decentralization --- Decision making --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Fiscal decentralization --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Government officials --- Local accountability --- Local decision making --- Local governments --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Motivations --- National Governance --- Politicians --- Public health --- Public sector --- Public Sector Corruption & Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Development --- Revolution --- Subnational Economic Development --- Transparency

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Lokale besturen bezitten het recht en de mogelijkheid om onder eigen verantwoordelijkheid de gemeente te besturen en daarin bepaalde keuzes te maken. Dat is de autonomie van lokale besturen. Lokale besturen zijn bij de uitoefening van hun autonomie wel gebonden door het juridisch kader. De toegekende autonomie biedt bijgevolg geen vrijbrief om alles te regelen wat zij opportuun acht.De lokale besturen zijn verplicht om bij de uitoefening van hun autonomie de wet na te leven en het algemeen belang te respecteren. Als zij bij de uitoefening van hun autonomie de wet niet naleven of het algemeen belang schenden, dan kunnen lokale besturen daarvoor worden gesanctioneerd. Om de overeenstemming met de wet en het algemeen belang te verzekeren, zijn de besluiten en rechtshandelingen van lokale besturen onderworpen aan de uitoefening van het bestuurlijk toezicht. Dit bestuurlijk toezicht wordt uitgeoefend door de toezichthoudende overheid. Het bestuurlijk toezicht geldt dan als een tegengewicht voor de gemeentelijke autonomie. Het is de relatie tussen de gemeentelijke autonomie en de uitoefening van het algemeen bestuurlijk toezicht die in dit boek wordt besproken.Het onderzoek naar de gemeentelijke autonomie en de relatie daarvan met het bestuurlijk toezicht monden uit in concrete voorstellen om het bestuurlijk toezicht en het daarbij horende toezichtsproces te hervormen.

Administrative law --- Flanders --- 352 --- 423.2 Gemeenten. Toezicht/voogdij --- 100 Recht --- Publiek recht --- 352 Gemeenterecht. Plaatselijk bestuur. Lokaal bestuur --- Gemeenterecht. Plaatselijk bestuur. Lokaal bestuur --- Autonomie locale --- Droit administratif. --- Collectivités locales. --- Tutelle administrative. --- Belgique --- lokale wetgeving --- bestuurlijke autonomie --- overheid --- gemeente --- comune --- Gemeinde --- obec --- comuna --- muniċipalità --- δήμοι και κοινότητες --- municipalitāte --- bardas --- gmina --- општина --- municipiu --- commune --- kommune --- občina --- municipio --- község --- kommun --- vald --- općina --- община --- bashki --- savivaldybė --- kunta --- municipality --- suurvald --- miesto savivaldybė --- детален урбанистички план --- término municipal --- liitvald --- Совет на општина --- подрачје на општина --- járási jogú város --- ЗЕЛС --- miestna/mestská časť so štatútom obce --- bardas dúiche --- amtskommune --- ühisvald --- kreisfreie Stadt --- giunta comunale --- borough --- nagyközség --- consiglio comunale --- primærkommune --- alev --- circoscrizione comunale --- Заедница на единиците на локалната самоуправа --- kauppala --- Großgemeinde --- pagasts --- Verbandsgemeinde --- poderes públicos --- viranomaiset --- viešojo valdymo institucijos --- javne vlasti --- údaráis phoiblí --- državni organi --- poteri pubblici --- orgány verejnej správy --- public authorities --- awtoritajiet pubbliċi --- autoritete publike --- ametivõimud --- orgány veřejné správy --- autoritate publică --- државни органи --- јавни власти --- държавни органи --- pouvoirs publics --- valsts iestādes --- δημόσιες αρχές --- organy państwowe --- Staatsorgane --- offentlige myndigheder --- offentliga myndigheter --- hatóságok --- veřejná moc --- helyi és regionális hatóságok --- autorité publique --- det offentlige --- pouvoir constitué --- autoridade pública --- státní orgány --- државна власт --- potere costituito --- statsmagten --- autoridad pública --- autoridades --- öffentliche Hand --- autorità costituita --- autorità nazionale --- publiskās iestādes --- állami szervek --- poderes constituídos --- orgány výkonné moci --- gestelde macht --- organe de stat --- správní orgány --- közigazgatási hatóságok --- autoridades del Estado --- органи на државна власт --- výkonné orgány --- autorità pubblica --- úřady --- javne ovlasti --- poder constituido --- neamhspleáchas riaracháin --- autonomía administrativa --- autonomní správa --- awtonomija amministrattiva --- autonomie administrative --- autonomie administrativă --- upravna autonomija --- административна автономия --- hallintoautonomia --- administrativt självstyre --- autonomia administrativa --- igazgatási autonómia --- haldusautonoomia --- administracinė savivalda --- управна аутономија --- административна автономија --- administrative autonomy --- administrativ uafhængighed --- upravna avtonomija --- administratīvā autonomija --- autonómna správa --- autonomia amministrativa --- διοικητική αυτονομία --- autonomia administracyjna --- Verwaltungsautonomie --- autonomi administrative --- administracinis savarankiškumas --- управна автономија --- lokale Gesetzgebung --- právní předpisy místní správy --- ustawodawstwo lokalne --- νομοθεσία τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης --- vietējie tiesību akti --- kohalik seadusandlus --- local legislation --- legislazione locale --- локално законодавство --- vietiniai teisės aktai --- lokalno zakonodavstvo --- reachtaíocht áitiúil --- legislación local --- legislação local --- lokal lagstiftning --- legjislacion vendor --- legislație elaborată de administrația locală --- lokalna zakonodaja --- miestna legislatíva --- lokal lovgivning --- législation locale --- paikallinen lainsäädäntö --- leġiżlazzjoni lokali --- местно законодателство --- helyi jogalkotás --- normatívne právne akty miestnej správy --- подзаконски акти на општините --- ordonnance municipale --- droit local --- ordenanza municipal --- nariadenia okresných úradov --- legislazione comunale --- gemeentelijk recht --- savivaldos teisė --- municipalno pravo --- orden municipal --- kommunalret --- právne predpisy miestnej správy --- normativní právní akty místní správy --- local law --- bye-law --- lege locală --- Δίκαιο δήμων και κοινοτήτων --- helyi jog --- kunnallislainsäädäntö --- szabályrendelet --- miestny zákon --- kunnallinen säädös --- municipālie tiesību akti --- direito municipal --- lokal forordning --- δημοτικό διάταγμα --- ligj vendor --- místní právo --- önkormányzati jogalkotás --- munitsipaalõigus --- kohalik õigus --- vietējie likumi --- δημοτική διάταξη --- kunnanvaltuuston päätös --- Kommunalrecht --- lokal ret --- vietējā likumdošana --- Gemeindeverordnung --- Derecho local --- nařízení okresních úřadů --- rendelkezés --- Derecho municipal --- kohaliku omavalitsusüksuse õigusakt --- akt nënligjor --- kommunal förordning --- droit municipal --- obecní vyhláška --- δίκαιο τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης --- lokalni propisi --- kommunfullmäktigebeslut --- vietinės valdžios potvarkis --- obecný zákon --- obecní nařízení --- örtliches Recht --- gemeenteverordening --- všeobecne záväzné vyhlášky obcí --- predpis lokalne skupnosti --- prawodawstwo lokalne --- helyi jogszabályok --- pašvaldību tiesību akti --- kommunallagstiftning --- instrumento legislativo municipal --- municipal law --- právní předpisy obcí --- vietinė teisė --- kommunalrätt --- акти на органите на локалната самоуправа --- kommunal bekendtgørelse --- прописи од локален карактер --- prawodawstwo miejskie --- lokaal recht --- Derecho provincial --- ordinanza municipale --- општи акти на локалната власт --- obecně závazné vyhlášky obcí --- lege municipală --- direito local --- Municipal corporations --- Droit municipal --- Comparative law --- Droit comparé --- Collectivités locales.