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This book contains 63 papers covering the past 11 years (1996-2006) of research on the progress and challenges in the design of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems and components. Introduced in the automotive market in 1995, ACC takes advantage of the functions of several existing electronic control units and adds a sensor for measuring distance, relative speed, and lateral position of potential target vehicles using laser optics or millimeter waves.

Subjects covered include:

- ACC sensors overview
- Hybrid ACC systems
- Interactive cruise control
- Predictive safety systems
- Brake actuation
- ACC radar sensors
- Vision sensors
- Miscellaneous ACC sensors

The book also includes editor Ronald K. Jurgen's introduction ("Adaptive Cruise Control: Still Evolving") and a concluding chapter on the current state of ACC and what can be expected in the future.


Motorcars engineering --- remmen --- radars --- ACC (adaptive cruise control) --- veiligheid (autotechnologie) --- hybridevoertuigen --- auto's --- sensoren

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Hybrid drives and the operation of hybrid vehicles are characteristic of contemporary automotive technology. Together with the electronic driver assistant systems, hybrid technology is of the greatest importance and both cannot be ignored by today’s car drivers. This technical reference book provides the reader with a firsthand comprehensive description of significant components of automotive technology. All texts are complemented by numerous detailed illustrations. Contents History of the automobile.- History of the Diesel engine.- Areas of use for Diesel engines.- Basic principles of the Diesel engine.- Basic principles of Diesel fuel-injection.- Basic principles of the gasoline engine.- Inductive ignition system.- Transmissions for motor vehicles.- Motor vehicle safety.- Basic principles of vehicle dynamics.- Car braking systems.- Vehicle electrical systems.- Overview of electrical and electronic systems in the vehicle.- Control of gasoline engines.- Control of Diesel engines.- Lighting technology.- Electronic stability program.- Adaptive cruise control.- Occupant-protection systems.- Hybrid drives.- Operation of hybrid vehicles.- Regenerative braking system.- Service technology. The target groups Motor-vehicle technicians in education and vocational training Master-mechanics and technicians in garage-workshops Teachers and lecturers in vocational schools Students at universities and technical colleges And all those interested in automotive engineering About the Bosch Group Bosch is the world´s largest independent supplier of parts and equipment for motor vehicles. Innovations by Bosch have shaped the development of the automobile. Bosch´s dominant technological role in many fields is demonstrated by the fact that it has the most patent applications in automotive engineering in Germany, to the European Patent Office and in the USA.

Applied physical engineering --- Motorcars engineering --- Transport engineering --- remmen --- ontsteking (autotechnologie) --- ACC (adaptive cruise control) --- hybridevoertuigen --- motorrijtuigen --- elektronica --- machines --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- auto's --- dieselmotoren

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This fundamental work explains in detail systems for active safety and driver assistance, considering both their structure and their function. These include the well-known standard systems such as Anti-lock braking system (ABS), Electronic Stability Control (ESC) or Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). But it includes also new systems for protecting collisions protection, for changing the lane, or for convenient parking. The book aims at giving a complete picture focusing on the entire system. First, it describes the components which are necessary for assistance systems, such as sensors, actuators, mechatronic subsystems, and control elements. Then, it explains key features for the user-friendly design of human-machine interfaces between driver and assistance system. Finally, important characteristic features of driver assistance systems for particular vehicles are presented: Systems for commercial vehicles and motorcycles.

Applied physical engineering --- Transport engineering --- Programming --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- beeldverwerking --- ACC (adaptive cruise control) --- ADAS (advanced driver assistance system) --- automatisering --- informatica --- motorrijtuigen --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- robots --- signaalverwerking --- interfaces --- AI (artificiële intelligentie)

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According to the National Research Council, the use of embedded systems throughout society could well overtake previous milestones in the information revolution. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of electronic, mechanical engineering, controls, software and systems engineering in the design of processes and products. Mechatronic systems put “intelligence” into physical systems. Embedded sensors/actuators/processors are integral parts of mechatronic systems. The implementation of mechatronic systems is consistently on the rise. However, manufacturers are working hard to reduce the implementation cost of these systems while trying avoid compromising product quality. One way of addressing these conflicting objectives is through new automatic control methods, virtual sensing/estimation, and new innovative hardware topologies.

independent-wheel drive --- steering assistance --- nonlinear system --- active disturbance rejection control --- smooth road feeling --- city bus transport --- electric vehicles --- electrification --- software tool --- planning --- control --- charging management --- simulation --- analysis --- energy management --- hybrid electric vehicle --- powertrain electrification --- equivalent consumption minimization --- supercharging --- hardware-in-the-loop experiments --- driving force distribution --- decentralized traction system --- 4WD electric vehicle --- energy efficiency --- traction control --- efficiency optimization --- air mobility --- fuel cell hybrid aircraft --- stochastic optimal control --- drift counteraction optimal control --- normal force estimation --- unbiased minimum variance estimation --- controller output observer --- youla parameterization --- adaptive cruise control --- automated driving --- energy-saving --- fuel-saving --- optimal control --- passenger comfort --- new energy vehicles --- speed prediction --- macroscopic traffic model --- traffic big-data --- deep learning --- vehicle lateral dynamic and control --- unresolved issues --- application of speed prediction --- electric vehicle --- hybrid vehicle --- lithium ion --- ultracapacitor --- battery aging --- EHB --- EMB --- EWB --- system modeling --- bond graph --- optimization --- control design --- Youla parameterization --- robust control --- nonlinear optimization --- brake-by-wire --- actuator --- electro-mechanical brake --- electronic wedge brake --- electro-hydraulic brake --- n/a

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This book details the advanced actuators for IEVs and the control algorithm design. In the actuator design, the configuration four-wheel independent drive/steering electric vehicles is reviewed. An in-wheel two-speed AMT with selectable one-way clutch is designed for IEV. Considering uncertainties, the optimization design for the planetary gear train of IEV is conducted. An electric power steering system is designed for IEV. In addition, advanced control algorithms are proposed in favour of active safety improvement. A supervision mechanism is applied to the segment drift control of autonomous driving. Double super-resolution network is used to design the intelligent driving algorithm. Torque distribution control technology and four-wheel steering technology are utilized for path tracking and adaptive cruise control. To advance the control accuracy, advanced estimation algorithms are studied in this book. The tyre-road peak friction coefficient under full slip rate range is identified based on the normalized tyre model. The pressure of the electro-hydraulic brake system is estimated based on signal fusion. Besides, a multi-semantic driver behaviour recognition model of autonomous vehicles is designed using confidence fusion mechanism. Moreover, a mono-vision based lateral localization system of low-cost autonomous vehicles is proposed with deep learning curb detection. To sum up, the discussed advanced actuators, control and estimation algorithms are beneficial to the active safety improvement of IEVs.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Mechanical engineering & materials --- curb detection --- intelligent vehicles --- autonomous driving --- electro-hydraulic brake system --- master cylinder pressure estimation --- vehicle longitudinal dynamics --- brake linings’ coefficient of friction --- ACC --- safety evaluation --- human-like evaluation --- naturalistic driving study --- driving behavior characteristic --- electric vehicles --- independent drive --- direct yaw control --- torque distribution --- ultra-wideband --- relative localization --- enhanced precision --- clock self-correction --- homotopy --- Levenberg–Marquardt --- electric power steering --- steering actuator --- driverless racing vehicles --- control --- autonomous vehicles --- lane-changing --- decision-making --- path planning --- four-wheel independent drive --- four-wheel independent steering --- path tracking --- handling stability --- active safety control --- electric vehicle --- intelligent sanitation vehicle --- trash can-handling robot --- truss structure --- multi-objective parameter optimization --- topology optimization --- discrete optimization --- multiple load cases --- intelligent electric vehicles --- driver behavior recognition --- multi-semantic description --- confidence fusion --- drift parking --- open-loop control --- supervision mechanism --- two-speed AMT --- in-wheel-drive --- shifting process --- selectable one-way clutch --- five-degree-of-freedom vehicle model --- pressure–position model --- recursive least square --- advanced driver assistant systems --- adaptive cruise control --- direct yaw moment control --- extension control --- model predictive control --- optimization design --- vehicle structure design --- uncertainty --- deceleration device --- tyre-road peak friction coefficient estimation --- tyre model --- normalization --- incentive sensitivity --- four-wheel steering --- semantic segmentation --- high-resolution atlas training --- super-resolution