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The focus on dopamine-sensitive motor symptoms, in association with the improvement of motor complications in the heterogeneous disease entity Parkinson's disease, has led to a certain standstill in research. This Special Issue provides new concepts and new ideas on the pathogenesis, genetics, and clinical maintenance of Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Not only new experimental findings, but also clinical outcomes, case series, and research on alternative, non-pharmacological therapies are included. The objective is to bridge the currently increasing gap between experimental and clinical research on Parkinson's disease and related disorders.

microRNAs --- disease-modifying effects --- SH-SY5Y --- inpatient treatment --- sphingolipids --- neurodegeneration --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- MO3.13 --- schizophrenia --- epigenetics --- long-chain acylcarnitine --- molecular mimicry --- curli --- multimodal complex treatment --- chlorogenic acid --- glycerophospholipids --- caffeic acid --- lipoproteins --- myenteric plexus --- neurometabolites --- HOG --- immature oligodendrocyte --- autophagy --- oligodendrocyte --- hypochlorite --- alpha-synuclein --- microbiome --- glucocerebrosidase --- Lewy Body Dementia --- brain iron --- mesenchymal stem cells --- fatty acid ?-oxidation --- GABA --- enteric glial cell --- gut-brain axis --- microbiota --- REM sleep behavior disorders --- redox cycling --- magnetic resonance imaging --- differentiation --- ?-synuclein-mediated pathology --- Parkinson disease --- Gaucher’s disease --- metallothionein --- [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT --- dopaminergic neuron --- mature oligodendrocyte --- glycerolipids --- spectroscopy --- neuroinflammation --- exosomes --- immunotherapy --- DNA methylation --- sterol lipids --- nigral cells --- cell line --- cysteinyl-dopamine --- myelin --- parkinsonisms --- multiple sclerosis --- rotenone --- brain --- fatty acyls --- Krabbe’s disease --- neuroprotection --- DAT --- motor dysfunction --- secretome --- multiprofessional therapy --- Parkinson’s disease --- oxidative stress --- alpha-Synuclein

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Unhealthy food intake and insufficient physical activities are related to obesity or lifestyle diseases, which can cause cardiovascular diseases, ultimately leading to death. However, many people are not aware of the importance of these factors, especially before cardiovascular development, although there are several good food habits that can be adopted. After the development of obesity or lifestyle diseases, nutrition and exercise control with appropriate medical therapies are required. Still, many patients do not recognize the importance of these habits. After cardiovascular disease development, nutrition and exercise with optimal medical and/or interventional therapies are required. However, some patients are not able to control their food intake and physical activities. At the advanced stage of heart failure, many things are restricted, including food intake and quality of life issues. At the end of life, nutritional care should be discussed. This book, Nutrition, Exercise, and End-of-Life Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field, addresses the importance of nutrition control before and after cardiovascular disease development, which consists of 14 peer-reviewed papers that cover the general population and patients with end-stage cardiovascular diseases.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- milk intake --- mortality --- stroke --- Bayesian survival analysis --- time-to-event data --- JACC study --- unhealthy eating habits --- accumulation --- obesity --- central obesity --- general Japanese population --- atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- arachidonic acid --- descriptive study --- heart failure --- vitamin D --- big data --- heart failure with preserved ejection fraction --- geriatric nutritional risk index --- behavioral modification stages --- nutrition counseling --- patient education --- acute coronary syndrome --- healthy behaviors --- diet --- legumes --- fish --- red/processed meat --- physical activity --- anxiety --- depression --- season --- calorie intake --- hospitalization --- malnutrition --- D-dimer --- intervention --- elderly --- cardiovascular mortality --- selenium --- coenzyme Q10 --- acylcarnitine --- brain natriuretic peptide --- cardiac function --- cardiomyopathy --- carnitine deficiency --- CPT2 --- end-stage kidney disease --- free fatty acid --- hemodialysis --- continuous glucose monitoring --- glucose fluctuation --- intracranial artery stenosis --- mean amplitude of glycemic excursions --- standard deviation --- palliative care --- end-of-life care discussion --- advance care planning --- food intake --- artificial nutrition --- onco-cardiology --- nutrition status --- cancer --- acute myocardial infarction --- plant-based dietary patterns --- grains --- nuts --- fruits --- vegetables --- cardiovascular disease --- milk intake --- mortality --- stroke --- Bayesian survival analysis --- time-to-event data --- JACC study --- unhealthy eating habits --- accumulation --- obesity --- central obesity --- general Japanese population --- atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- arachidonic acid --- descriptive study --- heart failure --- vitamin D --- big data --- heart failure with preserved ejection fraction --- geriatric nutritional risk index --- behavioral modification stages --- nutrition counseling --- patient education --- acute coronary syndrome --- healthy behaviors --- diet --- legumes --- fish --- red/processed meat --- physical activity --- anxiety --- depression --- season --- calorie intake --- hospitalization --- malnutrition --- D-dimer --- intervention --- elderly --- cardiovascular mortality --- selenium --- coenzyme Q10 --- acylcarnitine --- brain natriuretic peptide --- cardiac function --- cardiomyopathy --- carnitine deficiency --- CPT2 --- end-stage kidney disease --- free fatty acid --- hemodialysis --- continuous glucose monitoring --- glucose fluctuation --- intracranial artery stenosis --- mean amplitude of glycemic excursions --- standard deviation --- palliative care --- end-of-life care discussion --- advance care planning --- food intake --- artificial nutrition --- onco-cardiology --- nutrition status --- cancer --- acute myocardial infarction --- plant-based dietary patterns --- grains --- nuts --- fruits --- vegetables --- cardiovascular disease