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Starting from a kinase of interest, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has gone far beyond an average biomolecule. Being expressed in all mammalian cell types and probably having a counterpart in every eukaryotic cell, AMPK has attracted interest in virtually all areas of biological research. Structural and biophysical insights have greatly contributed to a molecular understanding of this kinase. From good old protein biochemistry to modern approaches, such as systems biology and advanced microscopy, all disciplines have provided important information. Thus, multiple links to cellular events and subcellular localizations have been established. Moreover, the crucial involvement of AMPK in human health and disease has been evidenced. AMPK accordingly has moved from an interesting enzyme to a pharmacological target. However, despite our extensive current knowledge about AMPK, the growing community is busier than ever. This book provides a snapshot of recent and current AMPK research with an emphasis on work providing molecular insight, including but not limited to novel physiological and pathological functions, or regulatory mechanisms. Up-to-date reviews and research articles are included.

n/a --- HDACs --- transcription --- epigenetics --- spermatozoa --- par complex --- A769662 --- MDCK --- skeletal muscle --- AID --- phosphorylation --- energy metabolism --- monocytes --- autophagy --- CML --- liver --- hindlimb suspension --- pregnancy --- preeclampsia --- gestational diabetes mellitus --- CaMKK2 --- assisted reproduction techniques --- nutrient-sensing signals --- sonic hedgehog --- protein acetylation --- glycogen storage disease --- AMPK --- adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase --- AICAR --- indirect calorimetry --- IL-1? --- MyHC I(?) --- HDAC4/5 --- endothelial cells --- infection --- hepatocyte --- p70S6K --- lipid metabolism --- host defense --- exercise --- kidney disease --- heat shock protein --- ?RIM --- mycobacteria --- activation loop --- developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) --- CREB --- TAK1 --- metabolic-inflammation --- phenylephrine --- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- KATs --- 2-methoxyestradiol --- DNA methylation --- NLRP3 --- pump --- ?-linker --- steatosis --- AMPK kinase --- stress --- endothelial nitric-oxide synthase --- vasodilation --- adherent junctions --- epithelial cells --- glycogen --- Akt --- synaptic activation --- cellular energy sensing --- glucose uptake --- transporter --- co-expression --- atrophy --- nutrigenomics --- motility --- vasoconstriction --- fatty acid oxidation --- oxidative stress --- AS160 --- membrane --- histone modification --- sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) --- chromatin remodeling --- insulin signalling --- dietary fatty acids --- ULK --- CMML --- adaptive thermogenesis --- mTOR --- MDS --- mechanical unloading --- AML --- endothelial function --- medulloblastoma --- PKA --- adipose tissue --- NAD⁺ --- membranes --- nutrition --- ZO-1 --- TBC1D4 --- adipocyte --- soluble Adenylyl cyclase --- metabolism --- renin-angiotensin system --- energy utilization --- proteasome --- differentiation --- signaling --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-? (PGC1?) --- hypertrophy --- AMP-activated protein kinase --- metabolic disease --- LKB1 --- soleus muscle --- macrophages --- Immediate early genes --- CBS --- beiging --- motor endplate remodeling --- ionomycin --- nectin-afadin --- tight junctions --- resveratrol --- protein kinase B --- regrowth --- mitochondria --- protein synthesis --- energy deficiency --- catechol-O-methyltransferase --- fiber-type --- microarrays --- carrier --- acetyl-CoA --- hypertension --- 3T3-L1 --- hypothalamus --- food intake --- benign

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Creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, primarily by binding with phosphate to form phosphocreatine (PCr) as well as shuttling high-energy phosphate compounds in and out of the mitochondria for metabolism. Increasing the dietary availability of creatine increases the tissue and cellular availability of PCr, and thereby enhances the ability to maintain high-energy states during intense exercise. For this reason, creatine monohydrate has been extensively studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport. Limitations in the ability to synthesize creatine and transport and/or store dietary creatine can impair metabolism and is a contributor to several disease states. Additionally, creatine provides an important source of energy during metabolically stressed states, particularly when oxygen availability is limited. Thus, researchers have assessed the role of creatine supplementation on health throughout the lifespan, as well as whether creatine availability may improve disease management and/or therapeutic outcomes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific and medical evidence related to creatine's role in metabolism, health throughout the lifespan, and our current understanding of how creatine can promote brain, heart, vascular and immune health; reduce the severity of musculoskeletal and brain injury; and may provide therapeutic benefits in glucose management and diabetes, cancer therapy, inflammatory bowel disease, and post-viral fatigue.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- ergogenic aids --- cellular metabolism --- phosphagens --- sarcopenia --- cognition --- diabetes --- creatine synthesis deficiencies --- concussion --- traumatic brain injury --- spinal cord injury --- muscle atrophy --- rehabilitation --- pregnancy --- immunity --- anti-inflammatory --- antioxidant --- anticancer --- creatine --- nutritional supplements --- fertility --- newborn --- development --- brain injury --- post-viral fatigue syndrome --- chronic fatigue syndrome --- GAA --- creatine kinase --- dietary supplements --- exercise --- skeletal muscle --- glycemic control --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- phosphorylcreatine --- dietary supplement --- ergogenic aid --- youth --- athletes --- osteoporosis --- osteosarcopenia --- frailty --- cachexia --- innate immunity --- adaptive immunity --- inflammation --- macrophage polarization --- cytotoxic T cells --- toll-like receptors --- vascular pathology --- cardiovascular disease --- oxidative stress --- vascular health --- female --- menstrual cycle --- hormones --- exercise performance --- menopause --- mood --- children --- height --- BMI-for-age --- stature-for-age --- growth --- phosphocreatine --- creatine transporter --- supplementation --- treatment --- heart --- heart failure --- ischemia --- myocardial infarction --- anthracycline --- cardiac toxicity --- energy metabolism --- cell survival --- bioinformatics --- systems biology --- cellular allostasis --- dynamic biosensor --- pleiotropic effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation --- inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) --- ulcerative colitis --- Crohn’s disease --- creatine kinase (CK) --- phosphocreatine (PCr) --- creatine transporter (CrT) --- intestinal epithelial cell protection --- intestinal tissue protection --- creatine perfusion --- organ transplantation --- Adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) --- activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- liver kinase B1 (LKB1) --- mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- glucose transporter (GLUT) --- T cell antitumor immunity --- metabolic regulator --- cancer immunotherapy --- supplements --- muscle damage --- recovery --- immobilization --- atrophy --- muscular dystrophy --- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis --- Parkinson’s Disease --- cardiopulmonary disease --- mitochondrial cytopathy --- hypertrophy --- athletic performance --- weightlifting --- resistance exercise --- training --- muscular power --- muscular adaptation --- muscle fatigue --- adipose tissue --- muscle strength --- physiological adaptation --- mitochondria --- thermogenesis --- MAP kinase signaling system --- sodium-chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters --- signal transduction --- intradialytic creatine supplementation --- hemodialysis --- muscle --- protein energy wasting --- clinical trial --- muscle weakness --- chronic fatigue --- cognitive impairment --- depression --- anemia --- resistance training --- sports nutrition --- strength --- toxicity --- methylation --- hyperhomocysteinemia --- neuromodulation --- MCDA --- mitochondriopathia --- cardiac infarction --- long COVID --- hypoxia --- stroke --- neurodegenerative diseases --- noncommunicable disease --- adenosine 5′-monopnophosphate-activated protein kinase --- anthracyclines --- creatine supplementation --- cardiac signaling --- cardiotoxicity --- doxorubicin --- soy --- vegetarian/vegan diet --- amino acids --- dietary ingredients --- performance

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The Book covers this whole field, from the discovery of structurally new and bioactive natural products (including biomacromolecules), from marine macro-/micro-organisms, to the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, metabolisms, and mechanisms of marine-derived lead compounds, both in vitro and in vivo, along with the synthesis and/or structural optimization of marine-derived lead compounds and their structure–activity relationships. Taken together, this Special Issue reprint not only provides inspiration for the discovery of marine-derived novel bioactive compounds, but also sheds light on the further research and development of marine candidate drugs.

Medicine --- Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) --- peptide --- antioxidant activity --- stability --- oyster --- plasma --- peptidome --- antimicrobial peptides --- cytotoxicity --- actinomycete --- piericidins --- absolute configuration --- Pestalotiopsis heterocornis --- heterocornols --- anti-inflammatory activity --- sponge-derived fungus --- sclerotides --- lipodepsipeptide --- Aspergillus sclerotiorum --- nasopharyngeal carcinoma --- AChE inhibitory --- vascular endothelial cell --- flavonoid --- oxidized low-density lipoprotein --- Nrf2 --- apoptosis --- butyrolactone I --- food allergy --- metabolism --- pharmacokinetics --- actinomycin X2 --- microbial pigments --- dyeing --- silk --- antibacterial properties --- PD-L1 --- virtual screening --- pharmacophore modeling --- ADME --- molecular dynamics --- xanthones --- ascidian-derived fungus --- Diaporthe sp. --- anti-glioma activity --- antiaging --- Sonneratia apetala --- signaling pathway --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- mutants --- coral-derived fungi --- Aspergillus hiratsukae --- meroterpenoids --- antibacterial activity --- cytotoxic activity --- deep-sea-derived fungus --- Aspergillus puniceus --- isoquinoline alkaloid --- protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor --- antibacterial --- Aspergillus sp. --- geodin --- semisynthesize --- insecticidal activity --- Arca inflata --- antitumor peptide --- MAPK signaling --- calmodulin --- colorectal cancer --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- actinomycin D --- Streptomyces parvulus --- mechanism --- mangrove endophytic Pestalotiopsis --- Sdy-1 --- antitumor activity --- Wnt signaling --- β-catenin --- eremophilane sesquiterpenoids --- mangrove-derived fungus --- Penicillium sp. --- Oceanapia --- sponge --- secondary metabolites --- biological activities --- drug design --- anticancer --- cyclic pentapeptide --- galaxamide analogues --- skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) muscle --- angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) peptide --- molecular docking --- nitric oxide (NO) --- endothelin-1 (ET-1) --- Trichoderma longibrachiatum --- sesquiterpene glycoside --- antimicrobial activity --- marine fungi --- Aspergillus unguis --- depsides --- depsidones --- osteoclast differentiation --- soft-coral-derived fungus --- pyranodipyran derivatives --- tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitory activities --- fluorescent properties --- butenolides --- enantiomers --- Aspergillus terreus --- pancreatic lipase --- NAFLD --- fucoxanthin --- adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2-mediated (Nrf2) --- Toll-like receptor 4-mediated (TLR4) --- Aspergillus flavipes HN4-13 --- emodin --- macroporous resin XAD-16 --- adsorption kinetics and isotherms --- enrichment --- tetramic acid derivatives --- deep-sea fungus --- clavipitacae --- Lecanicillium fusisporum --- chronic kidney disease --- fucoidan --- cognitive dysfunction --- neuroinflammation --- oxidative stress --- GSK3β-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling --- microglial polarization --- deep-sea actinomycetes --- aromatic acids --- oximes --- antihyperlipidemic --- phycocyanin --- microbiota --- transcriptome --- IL-17 pathway --- Hahella --- prodiginine --- chejuenlide --- genome mining --- LC-MS/MS --- CDK4/6 --- marine compounds --- pharmacophore construction --- ADMET --- mm-pbsa

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The Book covers this whole field, from the discovery of structurally new and bioactive natural products (including biomacromolecules), from marine macro-/micro-organisms, to the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, metabolisms, and mechanisms of marine-derived lead compounds, both in vitro and in vivo, along with the synthesis and/or structural optimization of marine-derived lead compounds and their structure–activity relationships. Taken together, this Special Issue reprint not only provides inspiration for the discovery of marine-derived novel bioactive compounds, but also sheds light on the further research and development of marine candidate drugs.

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) --- peptide --- antioxidant activity --- stability --- oyster --- plasma --- peptidome --- antimicrobial peptides --- cytotoxicity --- actinomycete --- piericidins --- absolute configuration --- Pestalotiopsis heterocornis --- heterocornols --- anti-inflammatory activity --- sponge-derived fungus --- sclerotides --- lipodepsipeptide --- Aspergillus sclerotiorum --- nasopharyngeal carcinoma --- AChE inhibitory --- vascular endothelial cell --- flavonoid --- oxidized low-density lipoprotein --- Nrf2 --- apoptosis --- butyrolactone I --- food allergy --- metabolism --- pharmacokinetics --- actinomycin X2 --- microbial pigments --- dyeing --- silk --- antibacterial properties --- PD-L1 --- virtual screening --- pharmacophore modeling --- ADME --- molecular dynamics --- xanthones --- ascidian-derived fungus --- Diaporthe sp. --- anti-glioma activity --- antiaging --- Sonneratia apetala --- signaling pathway --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- mutants --- coral-derived fungi --- Aspergillus hiratsukae --- meroterpenoids --- antibacterial activity --- cytotoxic activity --- deep-sea-derived fungus --- Aspergillus puniceus --- isoquinoline alkaloid --- protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor --- antibacterial --- Aspergillus sp. --- geodin --- semisynthesize --- insecticidal activity --- Arca inflata --- antitumor peptide --- MAPK signaling --- calmodulin --- colorectal cancer --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- actinomycin D --- Streptomyces parvulus --- mechanism --- mangrove endophytic Pestalotiopsis --- Sdy-1 --- antitumor activity --- Wnt signaling --- β-catenin --- eremophilane sesquiterpenoids --- mangrove-derived fungus --- Penicillium sp. --- Oceanapia --- sponge --- secondary metabolites --- biological activities --- drug design --- anticancer --- cyclic pentapeptide --- galaxamide analogues --- skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) muscle --- angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) peptide --- molecular docking --- nitric oxide (NO) --- endothelin-1 (ET-1) --- Trichoderma longibrachiatum --- sesquiterpene glycoside --- antimicrobial activity --- marine fungi --- Aspergillus unguis --- depsides --- depsidones --- osteoclast differentiation --- soft-coral-derived fungus --- pyranodipyran derivatives --- tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitory activities --- fluorescent properties --- butenolides --- enantiomers --- Aspergillus terreus --- pancreatic lipase --- NAFLD --- fucoxanthin --- adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2-mediated (Nrf2) --- Toll-like receptor 4-mediated (TLR4) --- Aspergillus flavipes HN4-13 --- emodin --- macroporous resin XAD-16 --- adsorption kinetics and isotherms --- enrichment --- tetramic acid derivatives --- deep-sea fungus --- clavipitacae --- Lecanicillium fusisporum --- chronic kidney disease --- fucoidan --- cognitive dysfunction --- neuroinflammation --- oxidative stress --- GSK3β-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling --- microglial polarization --- deep-sea actinomycetes --- aromatic acids --- oximes --- antihyperlipidemic --- phycocyanin --- microbiota --- transcriptome --- IL-17 pathway --- Hahella --- prodiginine --- chejuenlide --- genome mining --- LC-MS/MS --- CDK4/6 --- marine compounds --- pharmacophore construction --- ADMET --- mm-pbsa

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For a long time, the tight junction (TJ) was known to form and regulate the paracellular barrier between epithelia and endothelial cell sheets. Starting shortly after the discovery of the proteins forming the TJ—mainly the two families of claudins and TAMPs—several other functions have been discovered, a striking one being the surprising finding that some claudins form paracellular channels for small ions and/or water. This Special Issue includes 43 articles covering numerous dedicated topics including pathogens affecting the TJ barrier, TJ regulation via immune cells, the TJ as a therapeutic target, TJ and cell polarity, function and regulation by proteins of the tricellular TJ, TJ as a regulator of cellular processes, organ- and tissue-specific functions, TJ as sensors and reacting to environmental conditions, and last but not least, TJ proteins and cancer.

Medicine --- tissue barrier --- tight junction --- claudins --- tricellulin --- tight junctions --- organ preservation --- intestine --- transplantation --- ischemia --- intestinal mucosa --- lung --- epithelia --- interleukin 13 --- UBE2Z --- ubiquitin --- osmolality --- hydrostatic pressure --- cancer --- sensor --- tricellular tight junctions --- endometrial cancer --- epithelial barrier dysfunction --- Claudin-7 --- permeability --- WNK4 --- epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), collecting duct cells --- claudin-1 --- hydrogen peroxide --- phosphorylation --- claudin --- angulin --- drug development --- angubindin-1 --- Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin --- Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin --- antibody --- Mz-ChA-1 cells --- biliary epithelial cells --- phosphatidylcholine --- mucus --- paracellular transport --- atopic dermatitis --- cytokines --- STAT3 --- ZO-2 --- cholestasis --- gene transcription --- hypertrophy --- tumor suppressor --- NLS --- NES --- CaSR --- RhoA --- barrier function --- paracellular permeability --- antidiuretic hormone --- Claudin-14 --- CLDN14 --- hearing loss --- vestibular function --- cochlear implantation --- Hepatitis C Virus --- viral entry --- epidermal barrier --- reconstructed human epidermis --- claudin targeting --- Campylobacter jejuni --- curcumin --- apoptosis --- co-culture --- mouse colon --- TNF --- NFκB --- lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) --- epithelial barrier --- cell–cell contact --- caspase --- kidney stones --- ion reabsorption --- quercetin --- brain barriers --- blood-brain barrier --- neurovascular unit --- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- arachnoid barrier --- glia limitans --- adherens junctions --- paracellular sodium transport --- thick ascending limb --- nephropathy --- HELIX syndrome --- hypokalemia --- hypermagnesemia --- anhidrosis --- gland dysfunction --- aging --- blood–brain barrier --- mutations --- kidney --- liver --- skin --- human --- mice --- disease --- in silico --- drug discovery --- membrane proteins --- protein interactions --- molecular dynamics --- antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis --- Klebsiella oxytoca --- tight junction assembly --- monocytes --- celiac disease --- claudin-2 --- epithelium --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- proliferation --- migration --- tricellular tight junction --- paracellular water transport --- tight epithelium --- MDCK C7 cells --- cell growth --- endothelia --- adherens junction --- apical junctional complex --- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- paracellular barrier --- protein structure --- protein domain --- occludin --- junctional adhesion molecule --- zonula occludens --- MAGUK proteins --- PDZ domain --- stem cell --- chemoresistance --- retinal pigment epithelium --- retinopathy --- barrier formation --- collecting duct --- claudin-5 --- neuropathic pain --- nerve injury --- dorsal root ganglion --- enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) --- tight junctions (TJ) --- polarity --- atypical aPKCζ --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) --- sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) --- EspF --- claudin 1 --- tumor --- metastasis --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- cerebral cavernous malformation --- endothelial barrier --- Rho --- ROCK --- MEKK3 --- ion transport --- ion channel --- super-resolution microscopy --- structured illumination microscopy --- stimulated emission depletion --- single molecule localization microscopy --- Claudin --- blood-biliary barrier --- chronic liver disease --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- cholangiocellular carcinoma --- NISCH syndrome --- repair --- NHE2 --- ClC-2 --- inflammatory bowel disease --- mucosal immunology --- ZO-1 --- actomyosin --- aquaporin --- drinking rate --- epithelial fluid transport --- enterocyte --- osmoregulation --- paracellular --- proximal tubule --- calcium permeability --- claudin-12 --- paracellular channels and barriers --- cell polarity --- pathogens --- immune cells --- environmental sensors