Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Central visceral obesity is strongly associated with chronic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Adipokines are involved in the pathogenesis of these obesity-linked disorders. However, adipokines secreted by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are still poorly characterised.
We have searched for novel adipokines secreted by VAT determined whther their secretion was altered in obesity and evaluated the respective contribution of adipocytes vs non-fat (stromal-vascular, SV) cells.
In this context we have identified for the first time 6 adipokines secreted by each cellular fraction of VAT from lean and obese subjects by. These adipokines include 3 chemokines [Growth-Related Oncogen factor (GRO), Regulated upon Activation Normal T cells Expresses and Secreted (RANTES), Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1β], 1 interleukin (IL-7), 1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) and 1 hematopoietic growth factor (thrombopoeitin). Secretion of each adipokine was enhanced in obese subjects with of by pretranslational mechanisms. The higher proportion of macrophages and endothelial cells in VAT of obese subjects may contribute tour findings, as well as changes in intrinsic properties of hypertrophied adipocytes. Accordingly, mRNA concentrations of the majority of these adipokines markedly increased during adipocyte differentiation.
Furthermore we have studied some factors that could change the production of our adipokines : catecholamines (and cAMP), glucocorticoids, insulin and TFNα. We have found that the hormones, normally deregulated in obesity, influenced only moderately the expressions of our adipokines. In contrast, the effects of the TNFα on adipokines were strongly marked. According to these facts we could suggest that the macrophages, the most important source of the TNFα in adipose tissue of obese subjects, may have more impact on the regulation of the adipokines than the hormones studied.
In conclusion, six adipokines were newly identified in VAT. Their expression and secretion were increased in obesity, with a relatively similar contribution of adipocytes and SV cells. Because of their known involvement in cardiovascular disease, cancer or insulin resistance, these adipokines may play a role in obesity-linked adverse health outcomes L’obésité viscérale est un facteur de risque de nombreuses maladies chroniques telles que le diabète de type 2, les maladies cardiovasculaires ou encore certains cancers. Les adipokines sont impliquées dans la pathogénie des co-morbidités de l’obésité. Toutefois, les adipokines secrétées par le tissu adipeux (TA) sont encore très peu étudiées. D’autre part, la contribution des différentes fractions du TA viscéral à cette sécrétion est encore peu connue.
Dans ce cadre, nous avons identifié 6 adipokines, secrétées par le TA viscéral. Ces adipokines comprennent 3 chémokines [Growth-Related Oncogen factor (GRO), Regulated upon Activation Normal T cells Expresses and Secreted (RANTES), Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1β (MIP-1β)], 1 protéase de la matrice extracellulaire [Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMP-1)], 1 facteur hématopoïétique [thrombopoiétine (TPO)] et 1 interleukine (IL-7). La sécrétion de ces adipokines est augmentée chez les sujets obèses par rapport aux minces, et ce à la fois dans les fractions adipocytaire et stomacale vasculaire (FSV) du TA. Nous avons mesuré des variations superposables des ARNm dans les deux fractions : l’augmentation de sécrétion a donc pour origine des mécanismes pré-traductionnels.
Nous avons également mis en évidence une plus grande proportion de macrophages et de cellules endothéliales qui appartiennent à la FSV dans le TA. Ces cellules sont des bonnes sources de cytokines. De concert, elles contribuent à la sécrétion accrue d’adipokines des adipocytes hypertrophiés. En accord avec ces données, l’expression de presque toutes nos adipokines augmente au cours de la différenciation adipocytaire.
Enfin, nous avons étudié certains facteurs (hormones, TNAα) qui peuvent réguler la production de ces adipokines et qui sont susceptibles d’être à l’origine de leur surexpression dans l’obésité. L’effet des hormones est perturbées dans l’obésité (catécholamines, glucocorticoïdes et insuline) est modéré sur l’expression des adipokines. Au contraire, l’effet de TNFα est fortement marqué. Nos données pourraient don suggérer que l’accumulation de macrophages dans le TA des sujets obèse, principale source de TNFα, aurait plus d’impact sur la régulation des adipokines étudiées que les modifications hormonales.
Pour conclure, les 6 adipokines que nous venons d’identifier dans le TA viscéral pourraient stimuler la croissance du TA et également intervenir dans le développement des maladies cardiovasculaires. Elles pourraient aussi favoriser la survenue de la résistance à l’insuline de certaines formes de cancer

Adipose Tissue, White --- Abdominal Fat --- Adipokines --- Obesity --- Adipocytes

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue entitled “β-glucan in foods and health benefits” reports on the health benefits of indigestible carbohydrates with respect to metabolic diseases and immune functions. The effects of β-glucan have been investigated through the use isolated preparations or natural dietary fibers from whole grain cereals and brans, yeasts, or Euglena. This Special Issue includes original research articles that are based on human intervention studies that address the effects of β-glucan on metabolic diseases and immune function-related markers as well as in vitro and in vivo studies. It also reviews the health benefits of β-glucans in humans.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- humans --- oat β-glucan --- acute glycemic response --- dietary fiber --- preload --- carbohydrates --- β-1,3-glucan --- Euglena gracilis --- Ca2+ signaling --- intestinal epithelial cell --- intravital imaging --- small intestine --- immune system --- barley --- β-glucan --- microarray --- short chain fatty acids --- lipid metabolism. --- low molecular weight --- fermentation --- prebiotics --- Autreobasidium pullulans --- β-1,3-1,6-glucan --- physiological function --- oat beta-glucan --- colitis --- Crohn's disease --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- TLRs --- Dectin-1 --- rats --- L cell --- glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) --- glucose tolerance --- short-chain fatty acids --- sIgA --- microbiota --- randomized clinical trial --- symptoms --- gastrointestinal tract --- musculo-skeletal system --- oats --- oatmeal --- beta-glucan --- beta glucan --- health claim --- regulation --- food-health relationship --- gastritis --- inflammatory process --- antioxidant properties --- paramylon --- abdominal fat --- DNA microarray --- gene ontology --- PPAR signaling --- humans --- oat β-glucan --- acute glycemic response --- dietary fiber --- preload --- carbohydrates --- β-1,3-glucan --- Euglena gracilis --- Ca2+ signaling --- intestinal epithelial cell --- intravital imaging --- small intestine --- immune system --- barley --- β-glucan --- microarray --- short chain fatty acids --- lipid metabolism. --- low molecular weight --- fermentation --- prebiotics --- Autreobasidium pullulans --- β-1,3-1,6-glucan --- physiological function --- oat beta-glucan --- colitis --- Crohn's disease --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- TLRs --- Dectin-1 --- rats --- L cell --- glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) --- glucose tolerance --- short-chain fatty acids --- sIgA --- microbiota --- randomized clinical trial --- symptoms --- gastrointestinal tract --- musculo-skeletal system --- oats --- oatmeal --- beta-glucan --- beta glucan --- health claim --- regulation --- food-health relationship --- gastritis --- inflammatory process --- antioxidant properties --- paramylon --- abdominal fat --- DNA microarray --- gene ontology --- PPAR signaling

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Medicine has evolved into a high level of specialization using the very detailed imaging of organs. This has impressively solved a multitude of acute health-related problems linked to single-organ diseases. Many diseases and pathophysiological processes, however, involve more than one organ. An organ-based approach is challenging when considering disease prevention and caring for elderly patients, or those with systemic chronic diseases or multiple co-morbidities. In addition, medical imaging provides more than a pretty picture. Much of the data are now revealed by quantitating algorithms with or without artificial intelligence. This Special Issue on “Systems Radiology and Personalized Medicine” includes reviews and original studies that show the strengths and weaknesses of structural and functional whole-body imaging for personalized medicine.

Medicine --- COVID-19 --- chest X-ray --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- Grad-CAM --- computed tomography --- image analysis --- osteoarthritis --- reliability --- FDG-PET/CT --- infection --- bloodstream infection --- endocarditis --- vascular graft infection --- spondylodiscitis --- cyst infection --- white blood cell scintigraphy --- total body PET/CT --- radiotracers --- artificial intelligence --- contrast media --- body composition --- large vessel vasculitis --- atherosclerosis --- imaging --- FDG-PET --- radiological imaging --- MRI --- non-contrast --- venography --- TRANCE --- QFlow --- neuroblastoma --- nuclear medicine --- radionuclide imaging --- [123I]mIBG --- [124I]mIBG --- [18F]mFBG --- [18F]FDG --- [68Ga]Ga-DOTA peptides --- [18F]F-DOPA --- [11C]mHED --- chronic limb-threatening ischemia --- peripheral arterial disease --- calcification pattern --- diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis --- risk factors --- adiposity --- intra-abdominal fat --- cardiorenal syndrome --- imaging biomarker --- tissue characterization --- cerebral aneurysm --- computational fluid dynamics --- hemodynamic --- morphological --- rupture --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue entitled “β-glucan in foods and health benefits” reports on the health benefits of indigestible carbohydrates with respect to metabolic diseases and immune functions. The effects of β-glucan have been investigated through the use isolated preparations or natural dietary fibers from whole grain cereals and brans, yeasts, or Euglena. This Special Issue includes original research articles that are based on human intervention studies that address the effects of β-glucan on metabolic diseases and immune function-related markers as well as in vitro and in vivo studies. It also reviews the health benefits of β-glucans in humans.

humans --- oat β-glucan --- acute glycemic response --- dietary fiber --- preload --- carbohydrates --- β-1,3-glucan --- Euglena gracilis --- Ca2+ signaling --- intestinal epithelial cell --- intravital imaging --- small intestine --- immune system --- barley --- β-glucan --- microarray --- short chain fatty acids --- lipid metabolism. --- low molecular weight --- fermentation --- prebiotics --- Autreobasidium pullulans --- β-1,3-1,6-glucan --- physiological function --- oat beta-glucan --- colitis --- Crohn’s disease --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- TLRs --- Dectin-1 --- rats --- L cell --- glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) --- glucose tolerance --- short-chain fatty acids --- sIgA --- microbiota --- randomized clinical trial --- symptoms --- gastrointestinal tract --- musculo-skeletal system --- oats --- oatmeal --- beta-glucan --- beta glucan --- health claim --- regulation --- food-health relationship --- gastritis --- inflammatory process --- antioxidant properties --- paramylon --- abdominal fat --- DNA microarray --- gene ontology --- PPAR signaling --- n/a --- Crohn's disease

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue of Nutrients on "Nutraceutical, Nutrition Supplements, and Human Health" provides readers with contemporary knowledge on the role of functional foods, dietary supplements, and nutraceuticals in improving overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Various renowned international scientists, physicians, and other healthcare professionals have contributed to this compendium of excellent laboratory and clinical studies. The manuscripts provide evidence-based knowledge of nutritional compounds/functional food to improve many health conditions, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, muscle metabolism, obesity, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, aging, and cancer. All contributions were thoroughly peer-reviewed by a distinguished panel of scientists, and only highly ranked manuscripts were included to ensure the quality of contents. This book is an excellent resource for academic personnel and students in nutrition research, dietitians, physicians, and consumers.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- Lactobacillus salivarius --- otitis --- probiotic --- bacteriocin --- prevention --- Morus nigra L. --- black mulberry --- nutraceutical --- pharmacological properties --- coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) --- bioavailability --- intestinal absorption --- neuroprotection --- fenugreek --- protein hydrolysate --- antiproliferative --- apoptosis --- antioxidant --- Caco2 cells --- catechins --- green tea extract --- herbal dietary supplements --- hepatotoxicity --- microbiome --- Streptococcus agalactiae --- GBS --- pregnancy --- cachexia --- plum --- cancer --- muscle wasting --- myoblasts --- protein synthesis --- graviola --- weight loss --- obesity --- blood glucose --- food composition --- metabolic syndrome --- natural products --- Carica papaya --- Bifidobacterium breve M-16V --- infant health --- clinical efficacy --- probiotics --- gut microbiota --- Autism spectrum disorder --- dietary supplements --- pediatric --- physician communication --- frankincense --- Boswellia --- boswellic acid --- lupeolic acid --- AKBA --- cytokine --- breast cancer --- pentacyclic triterpenic acid --- triterpenoid --- chorioallantoic membrane assay --- Platycodon grandiflorus root --- BMI --- body fat mass --- abdominal fat area --- wild rice --- metabolomics --- atherosclerosis --- LDL-r-KO mice --- cytokines --- 16S rDNA --- plasma --- feces --- proteins --- carbohydrates --- functional food --- curcumin --- formulated curcumin --- pharmacokinetics --- aurora kinase A --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- Dietary Supplement Label Database --- food description --- food classification --- FoodEx2 --- quelites --- supplementation --- arsenic --- vitamin K --- diet supplement --- age-related diseases --- vitamin K-dependent proteins --- pathological calcification --- inflammation --- skeletal muscles --- Bifidobacterium breve B-3 --- muscle mass --- mitochondria --- Lactobacillus salivarius --- otitis --- probiotic --- bacteriocin --- prevention --- Morus nigra L. --- black mulberry --- nutraceutical --- pharmacological properties --- coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) --- bioavailability --- intestinal absorption --- neuroprotection --- fenugreek --- protein hydrolysate --- antiproliferative --- apoptosis --- antioxidant --- Caco2 cells --- catechins --- green tea extract --- herbal dietary supplements --- hepatotoxicity --- microbiome --- Streptococcus agalactiae --- GBS --- pregnancy --- cachexia --- plum --- cancer --- muscle wasting --- myoblasts --- protein synthesis --- graviola --- weight loss --- obesity --- blood glucose --- food composition --- metabolic syndrome --- natural products --- Carica papaya --- Bifidobacterium breve M-16V --- infant health --- clinical efficacy --- probiotics --- gut microbiota --- Autism spectrum disorder --- dietary supplements --- pediatric --- physician communication --- frankincense --- Boswellia --- boswellic acid --- lupeolic acid --- AKBA --- cytokine --- breast cancer --- pentacyclic triterpenic acid --- triterpenoid --- chorioallantoic membrane assay --- Platycodon grandiflorus root --- BMI --- body fat mass --- abdominal fat area --- wild rice --- metabolomics --- atherosclerosis --- LDL-r-KO mice --- cytokines --- 16S rDNA --- plasma --- feces --- proteins --- carbohydrates --- functional food --- curcumin --- formulated curcumin --- pharmacokinetics --- aurora kinase A --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- Dietary Supplement Label Database --- food description --- food classification --- FoodEx2 --- quelites --- supplementation --- arsenic --- vitamin K --- diet supplement --- age-related diseases --- vitamin K-dependent proteins --- pathological calcification --- inflammation --- skeletal muscles --- Bifidobacterium breve B-3 --- muscle mass --- mitochondria