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Since Prehistory, communities principally engaged in herding activities have occupied the intermontane valleys and plains of the Zagros (Western Iran). Relations, tensions and cultural exchange between the inhabitants of the mountains and the Mesopotamian plains already occurred during the Bronze Age. These contacts increased in the course of the 1st millennium BCE, as is suggested by Near Eastern and subsequently by Greek and Latin sources which provide us with numerous new names of peoples living in the Zagros. The present volume investigates the social organisation and life style of the peoples of the Zagros Mountains in the 1st millennium BCE and deals with their relationships with the surrounding environment and with the political authorities on the plains. 0Among these peoples, for example, were the ?fierce? Medes, breeders and purveyors of fine horses, the Manneans, who inhabited a large territory enclosed between the two contending powers of Assyria and Urartu, and the ?warlike? Cosseans, who bravely attempted to resist the attack of Alexander the Great?s army. The Southern Zagros Mountains, inhabited by mixed groups of Elamite and Iranian farmers and pastoralists, were also of key importance as the home of the Persians and the core area of their empire. Starting from Fars, the Persians were able to build up the largest empire in the history of the ancient Near East before Alexander.

Mountain people --- Social life and customs --- Zagros Mountains (Iran and Iraq) --- Middle East --- History --- Mountain people - Zagros Mountains (Iran and Iraq) - Social life and customs --- Zagros Mountains (Iran and Iraq) - History --- Middle East - History - To 622

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Zagros Studies contains nine articles on the archaeology and history of the Zagros Region in Iraq. Five of these are expanded versions of papers that were delivered at a conference celebrating the 75th anniversary of The Netherlands Institute for the Near East (NINO) in December 2014. The other articles present results of the NINO archaeological project on the Rania Plain, and new investigations on the Shemshara Hills and other sites on the plain, which are threatened by Lake Dokan; a spectacular terracotta “tower” is published here for the first time.

Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten --- Zagros Mountains (Iran and Iraq) --- Antiquities --- Zagros Mountains (Iran and Iraq) - Antiquities - Congresses --- Fouilles archéologiques / Irak --- Antiquités / Irak --- Shemshāra (Irak ; site archéologique)

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Mousterian culture --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Moustérien --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Zagros Mountains (Iran and Iraq) --- Zagros (Iran et Irak) --- Antiquities. --- Antiquités

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Neanderthals --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Human remains (Archaeology) --- Burial --- Homme de Neanderthal --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Restes humains (Archéologie) --- Sépulture --- Shanidar Cave (Iraq) --- Zagros Mountains (Iran and Iraq) --- Chanidar, Grotte de (Irak) --- Zagros (Iran et Irak) --- Antiquities. --- Antiquités --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Restes humains (Archéologie) --- Sépulture --- Chānidār, Grotte de (Irak) --- Antiquités