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Zika virus. --- Zika Virus --- Virus, Zika --- ZikV --- Flaviviruses

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that historically has been associated with mild febrile illness. However, the recent outbreaks in Brazil in 2015 and its rapid spread throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean, together with its association with severe neurological disorders—including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults—have changed the historic perspective of ZIKV. Currently, ZIKV is considered an important public health concern that has the potential to affect millions of people worldwide. The significance of ZIKV in human health and the lack of approved vaccines and/or antiviral drugs to combat ZIKV infection have triggered a global effort to develop effective countermeasures to prevent and/or treat ZIKV infection. In this Special Issue of Viruses, we have assembled a collection of 32 research and review articles that cover the more recent advances on ZIKV molecular biology, replication and transmission, virus–host interactions, pathogenesis, epidemiology, vaccine development, antivirals, and viral diagnosis.

microRNAs --- antivirals --- reverse genetics --- nucleic acid computation --- viral pathogenesis --- plaque reduction neutralization test --- clinical trials --- viral genetic variation --- viral fitness --- pregnancy --- type I IFN antagonist --- prM-E proteins --- eye --- replicon --- antiviral responses --- Bacterial artificial chromosome --- gene expression --- NS1 protein --- viral permissiveness --- ZIKV–host interactions --- reporter virus --- viral persistence --- blood-retinal barrier --- virus like particles --- emerging arbovirus --- Non-human primates --- heme-oxygenase 1 --- mosquito surveillance --- antiviral compounds --- ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders --- external quality assessment --- outbreak control --- therapeutics --- cryptic promoter silencing --- testis --- neurons --- mutagenesis --- RNA-seq --- microsphere immunoassay --- host-directed antivirals --- molecular diagnostics --- Bayesian analyses --- astrocytomas --- Full-length cDNA infectious clones --- viral pathogenicity --- neural progenitor cells --- full-length molecular clone --- antiviral --- multiplex nucleic acid detection --- Asian-lineage --- nucleic acid strand exchange --- IgA --- African-lineage --- vaccines --- Zika --- research models and tools --- immune response --- IgG avidity tests --- polymerase chain reaction --- Asian lineage --- sexual transmission --- TLR7/8 --- neuropathogenesis --- cross-reactions --- genetic variability --- mosquito --- ZIKV --- infectious cDNA --- prostate --- host genetic variation --- monoclonal antibodies --- optimised --- anti-viral immunity --- QCMD --- arbovirus --- FSS13025 --- MR766 --- NS5 --- EQA --- testicular cells --- virus attachment --- flavivirus --- mosquito-borne flavivirus --- dsRNA --- boolean logic-processing nucleic acid probes --- Ziks virus --- viral replication --- Aedes aegypti --- infection --- natural history --- infectious RNA --- zika virus --- chimeric viruses --- subgenomic replicon --- replication --- human brain glial cells --- microglia cells --- hepatocytes --- bacterial artificial chromosome --- detoxification and immune system responses --- testes --- dengue viruses --- Zika virus --- insecticide resistance --- NS2A protein --- plasmid toxicity --- cell surface receptors --- serology --- viral evolution --- laboratory preparedness --- flaviviruses --- Tet-inducible --- dengue virus --- diagnosis --- assay standardization --- infectious clone --- ELISA --- innate response --- congenital Zika syndrome --- secondary infections --- apoptosis --- viral survival --- ocular --- validated --- rhesus macaques --- neuroinflammation --- placenta cells --- NHP --- Zika virus (ZIKV) --- point-of-care diagnostics --- isothermal nucleic acid amplification --- microcephaly --- cytopathic effects --- indirect immunofluorescence --- fetal infection --- therapy --- siRNA --- viral counteraction --- neural cells --- silvestrol --- eIF4A --- microRNAs --- antivirals --- reverse genetics --- nucleic acid computation --- viral pathogenesis --- plaque reduction neutralization test --- clinical trials --- viral genetic variation --- viral fitness --- pregnancy --- type I IFN antagonist --- prM-E proteins --- eye --- replicon --- antiviral responses --- Bacterial artificial chromosome --- gene expression --- NS1 protein --- viral permissiveness --- ZIKV–host interactions --- reporter virus --- viral persistence --- blood-retinal barrier --- virus like particles --- emerging arbovirus --- Non-human primates --- heme-oxygenase 1 --- mosquito surveillance --- antiviral compounds --- ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders --- external quality assessment --- outbreak control --- therapeutics --- cryptic promoter silencing --- testis --- neurons --- mutagenesis --- RNA-seq --- microsphere immunoassay --- host-directed antivirals --- molecular diagnostics --- Bayesian analyses --- astrocytomas --- Full-length cDNA infectious clones --- viral pathogenicity --- neural progenitor cells --- full-length molecular clone --- antiviral --- multiplex nucleic acid detection --- Asian-lineage --- nucleic acid strand exchange --- IgA --- African-lineage --- vaccines --- Zika --- research models and tools --- immune response --- IgG avidity tests --- polymerase chain reaction --- Asian lineage --- sexual transmission --- TLR7/8 --- neuropathogenesis --- cross-reactions --- genetic variability --- mosquito --- ZIKV --- infectious cDNA --- prostate --- host genetic variation --- monoclonal antibodies --- optimised --- anti-viral immunity --- QCMD --- arbovirus --- FSS13025 --- MR766 --- NS5 --- EQA --- testicular cells --- virus attachment --- flavivirus --- mosquito-borne flavivirus --- dsRNA --- boolean logic-processing nucleic acid probes --- Ziks virus --- viral replication --- Aedes aegypti --- infection --- natural history --- infectious RNA --- zika virus --- chimeric viruses --- subgenomic replicon --- replication --- human brain glial cells --- microglia cells --- hepatocytes --- bacterial artificial chromosome --- detoxification and immune system responses --- testes --- dengue viruses --- Zika virus --- insecticide resistance --- NS2A protein --- plasmid toxicity --- cell surface receptors --- serology --- viral evolution --- laboratory preparedness --- flaviviruses --- Tet-inducible --- dengue virus --- diagnosis --- assay standardization --- infectious clone --- ELISA --- innate response --- congenital Zika syndrome --- secondary infections --- apoptosis --- viral survival --- ocular --- validated --- rhesus macaques --- neuroinflammation --- placenta cells --- NHP --- Zika virus (ZIKV) --- point-of-care diagnostics --- isothermal nucleic acid amplification --- microcephaly --- cytopathic effects --- indirect immunofluorescence --- fetal infection --- therapy --- siRNA --- viral counteraction --- neural cells --- silvestrol --- eIF4A

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that historically has been associated with mild febrile illness. However, the recent outbreaks in Brazil in 2015 and its rapid spread throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean, together with its association with severe neurological disorders—including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults—have changed the historic perspective of ZIKV. Currently, ZIKV is considered an important public health concern that has the potential to affect millions of people worldwide. The significance of ZIKV in human health and the lack of approved vaccines and/or antiviral drugs to combat ZIKV infection have triggered a global effort to develop effective countermeasures to prevent and/or treat ZIKV infection. In this Special Issue of Viruses, we have assembled a collection of 32 research and review articles that cover the more recent advances on ZIKV molecular biology, replication and transmission, virus–host interactions, pathogenesis, epidemiology, vaccine development, antivirals, and viral diagnosis.

microRNAs --- antivirals --- reverse genetics --- nucleic acid computation --- viral pathogenesis --- plaque reduction neutralization test --- clinical trials --- viral genetic variation --- viral fitness --- pregnancy --- type I IFN antagonist --- prM-E proteins --- eye --- replicon --- antiviral responses --- Bacterial artificial chromosome --- gene expression --- NS1 protein --- viral permissiveness --- ZIKV–host interactions --- reporter virus --- viral persistence --- blood-retinal barrier --- virus like particles --- emerging arbovirus --- Non-human primates --- heme-oxygenase 1 --- mosquito surveillance --- antiviral compounds --- ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders --- external quality assessment --- outbreak control --- therapeutics --- cryptic promoter silencing --- testis --- neurons --- mutagenesis --- RNA-seq --- microsphere immunoassay --- host-directed antivirals --- molecular diagnostics --- Bayesian analyses --- astrocytomas --- Full-length cDNA infectious clones --- viral pathogenicity --- neural progenitor cells --- full-length molecular clone --- antiviral --- multiplex nucleic acid detection --- Asian-lineage --- nucleic acid strand exchange --- IgA --- African-lineage --- vaccines --- Zika --- research models and tools --- immune response --- IgG avidity tests --- polymerase chain reaction --- Asian lineage --- sexual transmission --- TLR7/8 --- neuropathogenesis --- cross-reactions --- genetic variability --- mosquito --- ZIKV --- infectious cDNA --- prostate --- host genetic variation --- monoclonal antibodies --- optimised --- anti-viral immunity --- QCMD --- arbovirus --- FSS13025 --- MR766 --- NS5 --- EQA --- testicular cells --- virus attachment --- flavivirus --- mosquito-borne flavivirus --- dsRNA --- boolean logic-processing nucleic acid probes --- Ziks virus --- viral replication --- Aedes aegypti --- infection --- natural history --- infectious RNA --- zika virus --- chimeric viruses --- subgenomic replicon --- replication --- human brain glial cells --- microglia cells --- hepatocytes --- bacterial artificial chromosome --- detoxification and immune system responses --- testes --- dengue viruses --- Zika virus --- insecticide resistance --- NS2A protein --- plasmid toxicity --- cell surface receptors --- serology --- viral evolution --- laboratory preparedness --- flaviviruses --- Tet-inducible --- dengue virus --- diagnosis --- assay standardization --- infectious clone --- ELISA --- innate response --- congenital Zika syndrome --- secondary infections --- apoptosis --- viral survival --- ocular --- validated --- rhesus macaques --- neuroinflammation --- placenta cells --- NHP --- Zika virus (ZIKV) --- point-of-care diagnostics --- isothermal nucleic acid amplification --- microcephaly --- cytopathic effects --- indirect immunofluorescence --- fetal infection --- therapy --- siRNA --- viral counteraction --- neural cells --- silvestrol --- eIF4A

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Zika virus (ZIKV), one of the flavivirus family members transmitted by mosquitos, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO in February 2016 because of clusters of newborn microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders in Brazil. Most ZIKV infections result in a self-limited flu-like febrile disease, however, if contracted during pregnancy, the virus can also infect fetuses and cause a spectrum of birth defects known as congenital Zika syndrome. To date, no vaccines or antiviral drugs are licensed for ZIKV, and the virus has spread and become endemic to many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Included in this book are thirteen reports addressing diverse aspects of ZIKV–host interactions. These studies range from basic science to clinical research. It is expected that findings from these studies will contribute to a better understanding of the host cells interacting with ZIKV, and may serve as the basis for new diagnostics, antiviral therapies, and vaccine design.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Zika virus --- peroxisomes --- innate immune response --- interferon --- astrocytes --- fetal brain --- zika virus --- flaviviruses --- T cells --- host-pathogen interactions --- flavivirus --- tight junctions --- claudins --- ZO-1 --- blood-placental barrier --- placenta --- apoptosis --- viral replication --- Bcl-2 protein family --- ZIKV --- virus host interactions --- pathogenesis --- MR766 --- guinea pig --- subcutaneous --- vaginal --- sexual transmission --- virus transmission --- envelope protein --- glycosylation --- fusion loop --- viral fusion --- cell entry --- NS5 protein --- nuclear localization --- inflammation --- innate immunity --- extracellular vesicles --- cellular communication --- C6/36 cells --- human monocytes --- endothelial vascular cells --- protein–protein interaction --- non-structural viral proteins --- network --- JAK/STAT --- cytokine --- West Nile virus --- HSP90 --- NS5 --- virus–host interactions --- anti-viral signaling --- immune response --- inflammatory mediator --- Sertoli cells --- Leydig cells --- ZIKA virus --- arboviruses --- infertility --- IFN --- RIG-I --- MDA5 --- IFNAR1 --- zika --- host --- cell death --- peroxisome --- mosquito --- tight junction --- Zika virus --- peroxisomes --- innate immune response --- interferon --- astrocytes --- fetal brain --- zika virus --- flaviviruses --- T cells --- host-pathogen interactions --- flavivirus --- tight junctions --- claudins --- ZO-1 --- blood-placental barrier --- placenta --- apoptosis --- viral replication --- Bcl-2 protein family --- ZIKV --- virus host interactions --- pathogenesis --- MR766 --- guinea pig --- subcutaneous --- vaginal --- sexual transmission --- virus transmission --- envelope protein --- glycosylation --- fusion loop --- viral fusion --- cell entry --- NS5 protein --- nuclear localization --- inflammation --- innate immunity --- extracellular vesicles --- cellular communication --- C6/36 cells --- human monocytes --- endothelial vascular cells --- protein–protein interaction --- non-structural viral proteins --- network --- JAK/STAT --- cytokine --- West Nile virus --- HSP90 --- NS5 --- virus–host interactions --- anti-viral signaling --- immune response --- inflammatory mediator --- Sertoli cells --- Leydig cells --- ZIKA virus --- arboviruses --- infertility --- IFN --- RIG-I --- MDA5 --- IFNAR1 --- zika --- host --- cell death --- peroxisome --- mosquito --- tight junction

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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Zika virus (ZIKV), one of the flavivirus family members transmitted by mosquitos, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO in February 2016 because of clusters of newborn microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders in Brazil. Most ZIKV infections result in a self-limited flu-like febrile disease, however, if contracted during pregnancy, the virus can also infect fetuses and cause a spectrum of birth defects known as congenital Zika syndrome. To date, no vaccines or antiviral drugs are licensed for ZIKV, and the virus has spread and become endemic to many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Included in this book are thirteen reports addressing diverse aspects of ZIKV–host interactions. These studies range from basic science to clinical research. It is expected that findings from these studies will contribute to a better understanding of the host cells interacting with ZIKV, and may serve as the basis for new diagnostics, antiviral therapies, and vaccine design.

Zika virus --- peroxisomes --- innate immune response --- interferon --- astrocytes --- fetal brain --- zika virus --- flaviviruses --- T cells --- host-pathogen interactions --- flavivirus --- tight junctions --- claudins --- ZO-1 --- blood-placental barrier --- placenta --- apoptosis --- viral replication --- Bcl-2 protein family --- ZIKV --- virus host interactions --- pathogenesis --- MR766 --- guinea pig --- subcutaneous --- vaginal --- sexual transmission --- virus transmission --- envelope protein --- glycosylation --- fusion loop --- viral fusion --- cell entry --- NS5 protein --- nuclear localization --- inflammation --- innate immunity --- extracellular vesicles --- cellular communication --- C6/36 cells --- human monocytes --- endothelial vascular cells --- protein–protein interaction --- non-structural viral proteins --- network --- JAK/STAT --- cytokine --- West Nile virus --- HSP90 --- NS5 --- virus–host interactions --- anti-viral signaling --- immune response --- inflammatory mediator --- Sertoli cells --- Leydig cells --- ZIKA virus --- arboviruses --- infertility --- IFN --- RIG-I --- MDA5 --- IFNAR1 --- zika --- host --- cell death --- peroxisome --- mosquito --- tight junction