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The history of particle physics, the hunt for the most elusive particle, and the fundamental questions the search has inspired How did physicists combine talent and technology to discover the Higgs boson, the last piece in our inventory of the subatomic world? How did the Higgs change our understanding of the universe? And now, nearly a decade after its detection, what comes next? Answering these questions, Ivo van Vulpen-a CERN particle physicist and member of the team behind the detection-invites us on a journey to the frontiers of our knowledge. Enjoy van Vulpen's accessible explanation of the history of particle physics and of concepts like quantum mechanics and relativity-and ponder his inquiries regarding the search for new particles (to explain dark matter), a new force (to combine the existing fundamental forces), and new phenomena (undiscovered dimensions of space). This is a lively account of work at the world's highest-energy particle accelerator, with inspiring personal reflections on humanity's discoveries deeper and deeper into the world of the very small.
Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Standard model (Nuclear physics) --- Higgs bosons. --- Z bosons. --- Quantum theory.
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Elementary particles --- Electron-positron interactions. --- Positron annihilation. --- Z bosons --- Electroweak interactions --- Interactions électron-positon --- Positons --- Bosons Z --- Interactions électrofaibles --- Annihilation --- Interactions électron-positon --- Interactions électrofaibles
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Z bosons --- Congresses. --- 539.12 --- -530.19 --- Z particles --- Z physics --- Bosons --- Elementary and simple particles (charge less than 3 including alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays as individual particles or as radiation) --- Congresses --- Fundamental functions in general. Potential. Gradient. Intensity. Capacity etc. --- 530.19 Fundamental functions in general. Potential. Gradient. Intensity. Capacity etc. --- 539.12 Elementary and simple particles (charge less than 3 including alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays as individual particles or as radiation) --- 530.19 --- Fundamental functions in general. Potential. Gradient. Intensity. Capacity etc --- Z bosons - Congresses. --- Bosons Z. --- Z bosons - Congresses --- Z bosons.
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This book describes the memorable theoretical work that motivated the construction of the electron-positron accelerators at CERN and SLAC, and the monumental experimental effort that led to a verification of the main theoretical expectations at these laboratories and at Fermilab. The aim is to provide a description of the theoretical work, as well as a synthesis of the experimental effort, which makes interesting reading for both theorists and experimentalists. In particular, the experimental measurements, discussed in the second part of the book, are systematically related to the theoretical
Z bosons. --- W bosons. --- Weak interactions (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear reactions --- W particles --- Bosons --- Z particles --- Z physics --- Weak interactions (Nuclear physics).
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W bosons --- Z bosons --- Intermediate bosons --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Bosons W --- Bosons Z --- Bosons intermédiaires --- Particules (Physique nucléaire) --- Research --- Recherche --- European Organization for Nuclear Research --- Bosons intermédiaires --- Particules (Physique nucléaire)
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This book highlights the most complete characterization of the Higgs boson properties performed to date in the "golden channel," i.e., decay into a pair of Z bosons which subsequently decay into four leptons. The data collected by the CMS experiment in the so-called Run-II data-taking period of the LHC are used to produce an extensive set of results that test in detail the predictions of the Standard Model. Given the remarkable predictive power of the SM when including the Higgs boson, possible new physics will require even more extensive studies at higher statistics. A massive upgrade of the detectors is necessary to maintain the current physics performance in the harsh environment of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, expected to start by the end of 2027. The CMS Collaboration will replace the current endcap calorimeters with a High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL). The HGCAL will be the very first large-scale silicon-based imaging calorimeter ever employed in a high-energy physics experiment. This book presents the results of the analysis of the test beam data collected with the first large-scale prototype of the HGCAL. The results of this analysis are used to corroborate the final design of the HGCAL and its nominal physics performance expected for the HL-LHC operations.
Particles (Nuclear physics). --- Measurement. --- Measuring instruments. --- Particle accelerators. --- Particle Physics. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Accelerator Physics. --- Accelerators, Particle --- Atom smashers --- Charged particle accelerators --- Nuclear physics --- Accelerator mass spectrometry --- Instruments, Measuring --- Measurement --- Measuring tools --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Instruments --- Higgs bosons. --- Z bosons. --- Higgs particles --- Particles, Higgs --- Bosons --- Z particles --- Z physics
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This work develops novel data analysis techniques enabling aspects of the Standard Model of particle physics to be tested with unprecedented precision using data from the DZero experiment at the high energy “Tevatron” proton-antiproton collider at Fermilab, Chicago. Vesterinen's measurements of the transverse momentum of Z bosons using the novel variable φ* have exposed deficiencies in the current state-of-the-art theoretical predictions for vector boson production at hadron colliders. These techniques are now being used in the experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and have stimulated considerable interest in the theoretical particle physics community. Furthermore, Vesterinen's measurements of the cross sections for the production of pairs of vector bosons (WZ and ZZ) are to date the most precise ever made.
Physics. --- Quantum chromodynamics. --- Transport theory. --- Z bosons. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Atomic Physics --- Boltzmann transport equation --- Transport phenomena --- Chromodynamics, Quantum --- QCD (Nuclear physics) --- Z particles --- Z physics --- Mathematical physics. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Mathematical Physics. --- Mathematical physics --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Radiation --- Statistical mechanics --- Quantum electrodynamics --- Bosons --- Quantum theory. --- Physical mathematics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mathematics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics
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During more than 10 years, the LEP accelerator and the LEP experiments have taken data for a large amount of measurements at the frontier of particle physics. The main outcome is a thorough and successful test of the Standard Model of electroweak interactions. The first part of this volume gives a short theoretical introduction and describes the most important physics results obtained at LEP. Emphasis is put on the properties of the electroweak gauge bosons, which was the main research field at LEP. Details on interesting other physics effects like Colour Reconnection and Bose-Einstein Correlations are discussed as well. A summary of the current electroweak measurements as the pillars of precision tests of theoretical models is given. The analysis of electroweak data concludes the status of electroweak physics as known today. It allows a determination of unmeasured physics parameters of the Standard Model, like the mass of the Higgs boson, but constrains also physics beyond the Standard Model. The second part of this volume introduces the expected electroweak measurements as well as Higgs boson searches at the newly built LHC. After a description of the LHC collider and its experiments, the projected performance for an improved determination of electroweak observables is presented. The masses of the W boson and of the top quark as well as the weak mixing angle are being focused on. One of the main goals of the LHC experiments is however the finding of the Standard Model Higgs boson or of new physics. The search for the Higgs boson and the future determination of its properties, like mass, spin and behaviour under CP transformation, are therefore summarized, pointing out interesting relations with the LEP results. If the LHC experiments meet the expectations presented here they will definitely shed light on one of the primary questions of today’s particle physics research: the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking and of the masses of the fundamental particles.
Electroweak interactions -- Data processing. --- Electroweak interactions. --- Higgs bosons. --- Large Hadron Collider (France and Switzerland). --- Standard model (Nuclear physics). --- Electroweak interactions --- Standard model (Nuclear physics) --- Higgs bosons --- Large Hadron Collider (France and Switzerland) --- Physics --- Nuclear Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Data processing --- Nuclear physics. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Interactions, Electroweak --- Physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Particle acceleration. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Strongly interacting particles --- Partons --- Ions --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Acceleration --- Electromagnetic interactions --- Grand unified theories (Nuclear physics) --- Weak interactions (Nuclear physics) --- Data processing. --- Nuclear models --- Nuclear reactions --- Higgs particles --- Particles, Higgs --- Bosons --- Large Hadron Collider --- Hadron colliders --- Supercolliders --- Boson --- Electroweak physics --- Experiment --- Hadron --- Higgs physics --- Particle physics --- Standard Model --- W and Z bosons
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