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Flours --- Baking characteristics --- Breadmaking --- Xylans

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The general objective of this work was to contribute to the optimization of xylanase production by the strain Penicillium canescens 10-10c. Two parameters that currently influence the xylanase production were studied : the oxygen transfer, and induction and repression phenomena due to the substrates. In order to optimize oxygen transfer, a new axial impeller (HTPG4) designed by Pierre Guerin's firm (France) and particularly adapted for the filamentous microorganisms production was studied. Five arrangements with the new impeller HTPG4 and Rushton turbine DT4 using single and dual mobiles were compared. The oxygen transfer rates were evaluated at various agitation speeds and aeration rates in both distilled water, 1 % and 2 % carboxymethylcellulose solutions. We observed that DT4-HTPG4 combination, DT4 in below and HTPG4 in above position, gave better KLa performance than DT4-DT4 combination. The two combinations were also tested for their influence on xylanase production. The DT4-HTPG4 combination impeller enhanced enzyme production of up to 23 % compared with DT4-DT4 combination at an aeration rate of 1 vvm and an agitation speed of 600 rpm. The experiments carried out in submerged culture with different carbon sources indicate the inducible and repressive nature of xylanase production by P. canescens. Different cultural techniques (liquid, semi-solid and solid-state fermentations) were experimented by using agricultural wastes (or their extracts) to improve the xylanase activity production. A comparison between these different techniques was performed.

Penicillium --- Xylans --- Enzyme activity --- Biosynthesis --- Optimization methods

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Swine --- Young animals --- Animal feeding --- Wheats --- Xylans --- Digestibility --- Enzyme activity

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Xylans --- Enzymes --- chemicophysical properties --- technical properties --- Bakery industry

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Cereals --- Dietary fibres --- Hydrolysis --- Xylans --- Enzyme activity --- Enzyme inhibitors --- Binding proteins