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In this paper, the optimization of sodium vanadate (NVO) as cathode material for zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) and the improvement of the material's synthesis are reported. Following the convincing capacities obtained for ZIBs using vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) as a cathode material, it is tried to further enhance the latter’s electrochemical performances through the insertion of sodium ions into the crystallographic structure of V₂O₅. Acting as stabilizing pillars, the added sodium ions allow NVO cathode material to reach extremely high cycling numbers without a considerable loss of capacity. Special attention is paid to the ecological aspect of the synthesizing method, as ZIBs are considered as being a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to LIBs.

Zinc-ion battery --- Sodium vanadate --- ZIB --- NVO --- Na0.33V2O5 --- Na1.1V3O7.9 --- triflate --- aqueous electrolyte --- liquid pathway --- stirring --- hydrothermal --- calcination --- thermal treatment --- XRD --- SEM --- specific capacity --- cycle number --- stability --- pillars --- sodium ions --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie

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Catalysts are made of nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, and other compounds that may act as active phases, support the latter, or a combination of both. The initial incentive to reduce as much as possible, up to the nano-scale, the size of the particles of active catalyst components is to maximize the surface area exposed to reactants, thus minimizing the specific cost per function and increasing the rate of conversion of feedstocks to products in relatively simple reactions. Nowadays, the interest in nanocatalyst developments has shifted to an emphasis on improving the selectivity of catalysts, allowing one to obtain desirable reactions in more complex synthetic processes. Thus, new generations of nanocatalysts should be designed at the molecular level to display well-defined structural characteristics, in terms of size, shapes, hierarchical porosity, and morphologies, as well as with controlled chemical composition. The development of efficient nanocatalysts supposes the characterization of their various surface active sites at the nanometer scale, which is focused on establishing synthesis–structure–performance relationships.

Research & information: general --- plasmonic photocatalyst --- metal nanoparticle --- N–TiO2 --- nanocomposites --- photocatalytic selective oxidation --- heterogeneous catalysis --- transition metal nitrides --- hydrogen production --- formic acid decomposition --- nickel catalyst --- calcium oxide promoter --- silica support --- Iron-based perovskites --- copper --- NO oxidation to NO2 --- NO2-assisted diesel soot oxidation --- soot oxidation under GDI exhaust conditions --- aqueous-phase reforming --- nickel --- ceria --- zirconia --- calcium --- yttrium --- methanol --- graphite --- reduced graphene oxide --- nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide --- exfoliation --- oxygen reduction reaction --- electrocatalysis --- UiO-66 --- iron --- cobalt --- nanocatalyst --- CO oxidation --- COProx --- methane --- oxidation catalysis --- formaldehyde --- magnetite iron oxide --- Fe3O4 --- palladium --- Pd --- silver --- Ag --- low-temperature activity --- nanocomposite --- Raman --- TG in air --- TG in hydrogen --- XRD --- electron microscopy --- EDS --- coordination polymers --- methane storage --- XRD crystallinity measurements --- mechanical shaping --- compaction --- VAM --- gas separation --- MOF pelletization --- catalysts --- dimerization --- isobutene --- olefins --- plasmonic photocatalyst --- metal nanoparticle --- N–TiO2 --- nanocomposites --- photocatalytic selective oxidation --- heterogeneous catalysis --- transition metal nitrides --- hydrogen production --- formic acid decomposition --- nickel catalyst --- calcium oxide promoter --- silica support --- Iron-based perovskites --- copper --- NO oxidation to NO2 --- NO2-assisted diesel soot oxidation --- soot oxidation under GDI exhaust conditions --- aqueous-phase reforming --- nickel --- ceria --- zirconia --- calcium --- yttrium --- methanol --- graphite --- reduced graphene oxide --- nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide --- exfoliation --- oxygen reduction reaction --- electrocatalysis --- UiO-66 --- iron --- cobalt --- nanocatalyst --- CO oxidation --- COProx --- methane --- oxidation catalysis --- formaldehyde --- magnetite iron oxide --- Fe3O4 --- palladium --- Pd --- silver --- Ag --- low-temperature activity --- nanocomposite --- Raman --- TG in air --- TG in hydrogen --- XRD --- electron microscopy --- EDS --- coordination polymers --- methane storage --- XRD crystallinity measurements --- mechanical shaping --- compaction --- VAM --- gas separation --- MOF pelletization --- catalysts --- dimerization --- isobutene --- olefins

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The Special Issue of the journal Materials, entitled “Novel Material and Technological Solutions in Foundry Engineering”, contains very interesting papers from the field of material science concerning topics such as cast composites, layered castings, selected aspects of the crystallisation of alloys and the technology of cast and heat treatment of Al alloys and cast iron, the properties of moulding sands, properties of Ni-base superalloys, the technology of repairing castings using welding.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- nanocomposite --- nanoparticle --- microstructure --- mechanical --- Babbitt --- alumina --- high-chromium cast iron --- austenitizing conditions --- cooling conditions --- martensite transformation --- hardness --- cylinder heads --- heat treatment --- Brinell hardness --- automotive industry --- superalloy --- HRSTEM --- STEM-EDX --- M23C6 --- nano-borides --- Al-Si-Cu secondary aluminum alloy --- returnable material --- natural and artificial aging --- Cu precipitate --- transmission electron microscopy --- mechanical properties --- crystallization --- thermal and derivative analysis --- bimetallic --- interfacial --- compound casting --- laser surface alloying --- ductile cast iron --- in situ composite --- titanium carbide --- high-tin bronzes --- welding of bell --- bell’s sound --- aluminosilicate --- perlite --- vermiculite --- dehydroxylation --- thermal analysis --- FTIR --- XRD --- XRF --- SEM --- moulding sand --- inorganic binder --- magnetron sputtering --- HIPIMs method --- TiAlN layer --- XRD analysis --- EDS analysis --- surface morphology --- coating thickness --- AFM microscopy --- supergravity crystallization --- gravitational segregation --- texture --- hexagonal alloys --- monotectic transformation --- high-aluminum cast iron --- Al4C3 carbide --- spontaneous disintegration of the casting structure --- casting composite --- silicon carbide --- gray cast iron --- graphite --- pearlite --- reinforcement particles --- metallic matrix --- Inconel 740 --- phase transformation --- investment casting --- solidification

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The Special Issue of the journal Materials, entitled “Novel Material and Technological Solutions in Foundry Engineering”, contains very interesting papers from the field of material science concerning topics such as cast composites, layered castings, selected aspects of the crystallisation of alloys and the technology of cast and heat treatment of Al alloys and cast iron, the properties of moulding sands, properties of Ni-base superalloys, the technology of repairing castings using welding.

nanocomposite --- nanoparticle --- microstructure --- mechanical --- Babbitt --- alumina --- high-chromium cast iron --- austenitizing conditions --- cooling conditions --- martensite transformation --- hardness --- cylinder heads --- heat treatment --- Brinell hardness --- automotive industry --- superalloy --- HRSTEM --- STEM-EDX --- M23C6 --- nano-borides --- Al-Si-Cu secondary aluminum alloy --- returnable material --- natural and artificial aging --- Cu precipitate --- transmission electron microscopy --- mechanical properties --- crystallization --- thermal and derivative analysis --- bimetallic --- interfacial --- compound casting --- laser surface alloying --- ductile cast iron --- in situ composite --- titanium carbide --- high-tin bronzes --- welding of bell --- bell’s sound --- aluminosilicate --- perlite --- vermiculite --- dehydroxylation --- thermal analysis --- FTIR --- XRD --- XRF --- SEM --- moulding sand --- inorganic binder --- magnetron sputtering --- HIPIMs method --- TiAlN layer --- XRD analysis --- EDS analysis --- surface morphology --- coating thickness --- AFM microscopy --- supergravity crystallization --- gravitational segregation --- texture --- hexagonal alloys --- monotectic transformation --- high-aluminum cast iron --- Al4C3 carbide --- spontaneous disintegration of the casting structure --- casting composite --- silicon carbide --- gray cast iron --- graphite --- pearlite --- reinforcement particles --- metallic matrix --- Inconel 740 --- phase transformation --- investment casting --- solidification

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This book has focused on novel developments and advancements in the field of heterogeneous catalysis with the aim of greenhouse gas reduction. The book determines whether carbon dioxide is a crisis or an opportunity, as well as its conversion into useful products such as synthesis gas. Moreover, the selective catalytic removal of nitrogen oxides is also presented.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- Al2O3 --- CO2 reforming --- La2O3 --- CH4 --- ZrO2 --- perovskites --- strontium --- cerium --- hydrogen --- sintering --- carbon deposition --- BiF3 nanostructure --- POP composite --- photocatalyst --- Rz ink --- CO2 --- stability --- H-ZSM-5 --- greenhouse gas reduction --- CeO2 --- MgO --- dry reforming --- heterogeneous catalysis --- in situ XRD --- carbon dioxide (CO2) --- carbon monoxide (CO) --- CO2 feedstock --- methanation --- catalyst --- catalysis --- photocatalysis --- Power-to-Gas --- catalyst design --- heterogenous catalysts database --- ceramic foams --- ZnO nanorods --- TiO2 nanorods --- NOx mitigation (deNOx) --- environmental nanocatalysis --- selective catalytic reduction SCR --- W and V catalytic sites --- Al2O3 --- CO2 reforming --- La2O3 --- CH4 --- ZrO2 --- perovskites --- strontium --- cerium --- hydrogen --- sintering --- carbon deposition --- BiF3 nanostructure --- POP composite --- photocatalyst --- Rz ink --- CO2 --- stability --- H-ZSM-5 --- greenhouse gas reduction --- CeO2 --- MgO --- dry reforming --- heterogeneous catalysis --- in situ XRD --- carbon dioxide (CO2) --- carbon monoxide (CO) --- CO2 feedstock --- methanation --- catalyst --- catalysis --- photocatalysis --- Power-to-Gas --- catalyst design --- heterogenous catalysts database --- ceramic foams --- ZnO nanorods --- TiO2 nanorods --- NOx mitigation (deNOx) --- environmental nanocatalysis --- selective catalytic reduction SCR --- W and V catalytic sites