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The Special Edition 'Compounds with Polar Metallic Bonding' is a collection of eight original research reports presenting a broad variety of chemical systems, analytical methods, preparative pathways and theoretical descriptions of bonding situations, with the common aim of understanding the complex interplay of conduction electrons in intermetallic compounds that possess different types of dipoles. Coulombic dipoles introduced by electronegativity differences, electric or magnetic dipoles, polarity induced by symmetry reduction-all the possible facets of the term 'polarity'-can be observed in polar intermetallic phases and have their own and, in most cases, unique consequences on the physical and chemical behaviour. Elucidation of the structure-property relationships in compounds with polar metallic bonding is a modern and growing scientific field which combines solid state physics, preparative chemistry, metallurgy, modern analytic methods, crystallography, theoretical calculations of the electronic state and many more disciplines.

bonding analyses --- coloring problem --- n/a --- X-ray diffraction --- magnetism --- band structure --- group-subgroup --- alkaline-earth --- Zintl --- nitridometalate --- structure optimizations --- electronic structure --- polar intermetallics --- polar intermetallic --- intermetallic compounds --- XPS --- Zintl compounds --- stannides --- total energy --- COHP method --- symmetry reduction --- chemical bond --- plumbides --- ternary Laves phases --- powder diffraction --- intermetallics --- magnetic properties --- Ca14AlSb11 --- thermoelectric --- crystal structure --- liquid ammonia

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Nanostructured materials exploit physical phenomena and mechanisms that cannot be derived by simply scaling down the associated bulk structures and phenomena; furthermore, new quantum effects come into play in nanosystems. The exploitation of these emerging nanoscale interactions prompts the innovative design of nanomaterials. Understanding the behavior of materials on all length scales-from the nanostructure up to the macroscopic response-is a critical challenge for materials science. Modern analytical technologies based on synchrotron radiation (SR) allow for the non-destructive investigation of the chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of materials in any environment. SR facilities have developed revolutionary new ideas and experimental setups for characterizing nanomaterials, involving spectroscopy, diffraction, scatterings, microscopy, tomography, and all kinds of highly sophisticated combinations of such investigation techniques. This book is a collection of contributions addressing several aspects of synchrotron radiation as applied to the investigation of chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of nanostructured materials. The results reported here provide not only an interesting and multidisciplinary overview of the chemicophysical investigations of nanostructured materials carried out by state-of-the-art SR-induced techniques, but also an exciting glance into the future perspectives of nanomaterial characterization methods.

binding energies --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- laser heating --- crystallization kinetics --- Ge(001)-2 --- supercapacitor materials --- in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- thermal expansion --- XPS --- self-assembling peptides --- multilayers --- magnetic annealing --- metallic glasses --- synchrotron radiation --- micro-mesoporous carbon electrode --- nuclear forward scattering --- NEXAFS --- synchrotron radiation induced spectroscopies --- bioactive materials --- nanostructures --- thin films --- cyclic voltammetry --- room temperature ionic liquids --- titanium alloy --- synchrotron pump-probe powder scattering --- thermal conductivity

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This book is a compilation of recent studies by recognized experts in the field of epitaxial graphene working towards a deep comprehension of growth mechanisms, property engineering, and device processing. The results of investigations published within this book develop cumulative knowledge on matters related to device-quality epaxial graphene on SiC, bringing this material closer to realistic applications.

epitaxial graphene --- copper --- redox reaction --- electrodeposition --- voltammetry --- chronoamperometry --- DFT --- silicon carbide --- Raman spectroscopy --- 2D peak line shape --- G peak --- charge density --- strain --- atomic layer deposition --- high-k insulators --- ion implantation --- Raman --- AFM --- XPS --- graphene --- SiC --- 3C-SiC on Si --- substrate interaction --- carrier concentration --- mobility --- intercalation --- buffer layer --- surface functionalization --- twistronics --- twisted bilayer graphene --- flat band --- epitaxial graphene on SiC --- quasi-free-standing graphene --- monolayer graphene --- high-temperature sublimation --- terahertz optical Hall effect --- free charge carrier properties --- sublimation --- electronic properties --- material engineering --- deposition

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The food processing industries produce millions of tons of losses and waste during processing, which are becoming a grave economic, environmental, and nutritional problem. Fruit, vegetable, and food industrial solid waste include leaves, peels, pomace, skins, rinds pulp, stems, seeds, twigs, and spoiled fruits and vegetables, among other waste released in food production, which can be formed during cleaning, processing, cooking, and/or packaging. These wastes are characterized by being an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, vitamins, carotenoids, pigments, and oils, among others. These bioactive compounds are closely associated with beneficial effects on human health. These by-products can be exploited in different industries: in food industries for the development of functional ingredients and/or new foods or natural additives; in pharmaceutical industries for medicinal, healthcare, or cosmetic products; in agricultural industries as fertilizers or animal feed; and in chemical industries, among others. The reutilization of these by-products will ensure the sustainable development of food industries and reduce their environmental impact, which will contribute to the fight against environmental problems, leading to potential mitigation of climatic change. Therefore, the determination of bioactive compound composition in agricultural and food waste and the production of extracts containing these compounds is the first step towards its reutilization.

Research. --- Biology. --- Food --- Social aspects. --- Natural red pigment --- Monascus purpureus --- Brewer’s spent grain --- Submerged fermentation --- Plackett-Burman design --- Chemical characterization --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) --- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) --- Cucumis melo --- polyphenols --- flavonoids --- antioxidants --- by-products --- waste valorization --- LC-MS/MS --- fatty acids --- antioxidant activity --- reutilization of food waste --- salted egg white --- ovalbumin --- extraction --- aqueous two-phase flotation --- cork --- volatile compounds --- aroma --- waste --- bioactive compounds --- food waste --- functional foods --- characterization and extraction --- phytochemicals --- climatic change --- phenolic compounds

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This collection covers the physical and chemical phenomena of metal surfaces, including surface modifications and treatments. It is targeted at researchers working in materials science and also at newcomers to the research field of metal surfaces and surface analysis.

Technology: general issues --- mechanical alloying --- nanocrystalline alloys --- corrosion --- polarization --- EIS --- TiAl-based alloys --- hydrogen-induced softening --- dynamic recrystallization --- cracking --- molybdenum --- nuclear fusion reactors --- laser --- surface damage --- microstructure --- bipolar electrochemistry --- erosion-corrosion --- oil and gas --- impact wear --- steel --- hardness --- toughness --- micro fatigue --- cracks --- martensitic stainless steel --- Cr segregation --- fracture --- Charpy test --- XPS --- surface analysis --- metals and alloys --- metal coatings --- AES --- SPEM --- laser micromachining --- surface texturing --- surface roughness --- biomedical engineering --- tribology