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Pour la plupart des Français qui l’ont vécue, la période de l’Occupation évoque en premier lieu l’immense difficulté à vivre au quotidien. La pénurie des produits de première nécessité, soumis à un rationnement de plus en plus sévère, oblige nombre d’entre eux à élaborer de véritables stratégies de survie. La faim, dont le spectre avait cessé de hanter les imaginaires, redevient une expérience largement partagée et structure bien des existences recentrées sur la satisfaction au jour le jour des besoins vitaux. Or si les historiens admettent que les difficultés de ravitaillement et les « privations » ont joué un grand rôle dans la montée des oppositions au régime de Vichy, ils ne se sont guère intéressés aux victimes de la « famine lente ». Difficiles à dénombrer, celles-ci ne sont pas prises en compte dans les statistiques des victimes du conflit. C’est à cette lacune que remédie cet ouvrage qui tente d’identifier tous ceux qui, dans la France occupée, sont morts de faim, de froid mais aussi de pathologies afférentes à la dénutrition (tuberculose en particulier). Parce que, trop isolés ou trop fragiles, ils n’avaient pas les moyens financiers, physiques et/ou psychiques de remporter cette épuisante « course aux calories » à laquelle il fallait se livrer pour survivre. Les auteurs se penchent sur le sort des « pensionnaires » de collectivités, hospitalières (hospices de vieillards, hôpitaux généraux, sanatoriums) et non-hospitalières (prisons, camps d’internement), en mettant l’accent sur celui des aliénés internés dans les hôpitaux psychiatriques qui ont payé le plus lourd tribut à la sousalimentation. Ils analysent également le devenir des groupes socialement et biologiquement les plus vulnérables de la population des grandes villes et les ripostes, sélectives, mises en oeuvre par les autorités pour atténuer les effets des restrictions sur la santé publique.

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