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By comparatively assessing violence against women in three conflict-affected jurisdictions (Liberia, Northern Ireland and Timor-Leste), this book empirically and theoretically expands current understanding of the form and nature of conflict-related violence against women. Employing a disaggregated and aggregated approach, the book first documents violence against women in each context's pre-, mid- and post-conflict phase, and then assesses the relations between the violence in each phase on an aggregated basis. Through this approach, the author highlights a wider spectrum of conflict-related violence against women than is currently acknowledged. She identifies a range of forces that simultaneously push open and close down spaces for addressing violence against women through post-justice mechanisms. The book proposes that in the aftermath of conflict, a transformation rather than a transition is required if justice processes are to play a role in preventing gendered violence before conflict and its appearance during conflict.

WOMEN--VIOLENCE AGAINST --- WOMEN AND WAR

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This book brings together a collection of some of the finest genocide studies by scholars in North America and Europe to examine gendered discourses, practices, and experiences of ethnic cleansing and genocide in the 20th century. It includes chapters focusing on the genocides in Rwanda and Armenia, the Holocaust, and ethnic cleansing and genocide in the former Yugoslavia. The book looks at how historically- and culturally-specific ideas about reproduction, biology, and ethnic, national, racial, and religious identity contributed to the possibility for and the unfolding of genocidal sexual violence, including mass rape. The book also considers how these ideas, in conjunction with discourses of femininity and masculinity, and understandings of female and male identities, contributed to perpetrators' tools and strategies for ethnic cleansing and genocide, as well as victims' experiences of these processes.

GENOCIDE --- WOMEN--VIOLENCE AGAINST --- RAPE AS A WEAPON OF WAR

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Women --- Violence --- Masculinity --- Violence against --- Women - Violence against

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In armed conflict, systematic sexual violence is used all too frequently as a strategic weapon to terrorize an opponent's communities. Wartime sexual violence has transitioned rapidly from a neglected human rights issue to an unambiguous security concern on the agendas of powerful states and the United Nations Security Council. What has caused this transition, and what are its impacts ? The author investigates through interviews and primary-source evidence the political impetuses for this change and the results of the securitization of sexual violence. Crawford explains how change started in the 1990s with the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and then accelerated in the 2000s. Three case studies - the United States' response to sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1820 in 2008, and the development of the United Kingdom's Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict Initiative - illustrate that use of the weapon of war frame does not represent pure cooptation by the security sector. Rather, well-placed advocates have used the frame to push the anti-sexual violence agenda while simultaneously working to move beyond the frame's constraints.

RAPE AS A WEAPON OF WAR --- WOMEN--VIOLENCE AGAINST --- SEX CRIMES --- WOMEN AND WAR

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Si la violence faite aux femmes a traversé des siècles, des civilisations et des continents, il serait important de découvrir les éléments qui l'ont nourrie et ont participé à sa perpétuation. Ce collectif a voulu analyser la participation de plusieurs éléments à l'accroissement et à la multiplication des formes de manifestation de la violence faite aux femmes. Il s'est arrêté aux implications qu'inflige la violence, sous ses différentes formes, à la femme aux niveaux psychologique, social, physique, sexuel, économique et spirituel. Il s'est attardé sur les possibilités d'aide et de soutien à offrir aux femmes sujettes à la violence. Il souhaite participer à une meilleure reconnaissance de la place de la femme dans nos sociétés. Il ne vise pas à créer ou à renforcer une ségrégation entre la femme et l'homme; bien au contraire, il plaide pour une prise de conscience de l'importance de la collaboration entre les deux sexes pour faire du monde un atelier où homme et femme sculptent chacun sa propre vie tout en tenant compte de la place de l'autre, de ses compétences et de ses spécificités.

Women --- Violence against --- Women Violence against --- 343.615-055.2 --- 343.615-055.2 Vrouwenmishandeling --- Vrouwenmishandeling