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"Until recently, the study of American ethnic history focused almost entirely on groups who fought for legitimacy, operating under the premise that those with uncontested whiteness required no further study. Yet, just as it is vital to study the history of groups who fought to identify as white, so too is it essential to investigate the process by which those who achieved racial hegemony were able to do so. Scandinavians in Chicago explores ideological, gendered concepts of Nordic whiteness and Scandinavian ethnicity employed by native-born Americans in Chicago during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to construct societal hegemony. The focus of this book advances a more comprehensive understanding of the Scandinavian-American experience by examining the process by which Nordics became the embodiment of whiteness and thus were granted racial privilege. This study's intention is to help bridge the gap in our understandings of white racial identity by analyzing the history of those who benefitted most for a social constructed hierarchy of race in America. As evidenced in the election cycle of 2016, America is a country staunchly divided by economic background, ideological positioning, political beliefs, and racial difference, as well as in our understandings of those differences and how we got to where we are today"--

Scandinavian Americans --- Whites --- White people --- White persons --- Ethnology --- Caucasian race --- Scandinavians --- Race identity

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Traces the idea of a white race, showing how the origins of the American identity were tied to the elevation of white skin as the embodiment of beauty, power, and intelligence, and how even intellectuals insisted that only Anglo Saxons were truly American.

Whites --- History. --- Race identity --- United States --- Race relations. --- White people --- White persons --- History --- Race question --- Ethnology --- Caucasian race --- World history

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What did the future hold for Rhodesia's white population at the end of a bloody armed conflict fought against settler colonialism? Would there be a place for them in newly independent Zimbabwe? Pioneers, Settlers, Aliens, Exiles sets out the terms offered by Robert Mugabe in 1980 to whites who opted to stay in the country they thought of as their home. The book traces over the next two decades their changing relationship with the country when the post-colonial government revised its symbolic and geographical landscape and reworked codes of membership. Particular attention is paid to colonial memories and white interpellation in the official account of the nation's rebirth and indigene discourses, in view of which their attachment to the place shifted and weakened. As the book describes the whites' trajectory from privileged citizens to persons of disputed membership and contested belonging, it provides valuable background information with regard to the land and governance crises that engulfed Zimbabwe at the start of the twenty-first century.

White people --- White persons --- Decolonization --- Whites --- Zimbabwe --- Politics and government --- Race relations. --- Ethnology --- Caucasian race --- Sovereignty --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Colonization --- Postcolonialism

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Cracker Culture is a provocative study of social life in the Old South that probes the origin of cultural differences between the South and the North throughout American history. Among Scotch-Irish settlers the term "Cracker" initially designated a person who boasted, but in American usage the word has come to designate poor whites. McWhiney uses the term to define culture rather than to signify an economic condition. Although all poor whites were Crackers, not all Crackers were poor whites; both, however, were Southerners. The author insists that Southerners and North

Southern States -- Civilization -- 1775-1865. --- Southern States -- Civilization -- Celtic influences. --- United States -- Southern states -- Poor white persons -- Social conditions, 1865-1970.

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In America today, the problem of achieving racial justice--whether through "color-blind" policies or through affirmative action--provokes more noisy name-calling than fruitful deliberation. In Color Conscious, K. Anthony Appiah and Amy Gutmann, two eminent moral and political philosophers, seek to clear the ground for a discussion of the place of race in politics and in our moral lives. Provocative and insightful, their essays tackle different aspects of the question of racial justice; together they provide a compelling response to our nation's most vexing problem. Appiah begins by establishing the problematic nature of the idea of race. He draws on the scholarly consensus that "race" has no legitimate biological basis, exploring the history of its invention as a social category and showing how the concept has been used to explain differences among groups of people by mistakenly attributing various "essences" to them. Appiah argues that, while people of color may still need to gather together, in the face of racism, under the banner of race, they need also to balance carefully the calls of race against the many other dimensions of individual identity; and he suggests, finally, what this might mean for our political life. Gutmann examines alternative political responses to racial injustice. She argues that American politics cannot be fair to all citizens by being color blind because American society is not color blind. Fairness, not color blindness, is a fundamental principle of justice. Whether policies should be color-conscious, class conscious, or both in particular situations, depends on an open-minded assessment of their fairness. Exploring timely issues of university admissions, corporate hiring, and political representation, Gutmann develops a moral perspective that supports a commitment to constitutional democracy. Appiah and Gutmann write candidly and carefully, presenting many-faceted interpretations of a host of controversial issues. Rather than supplying simple answers to complex questions, they offer to citizens of every color principled starting points for the ongoing national discussions about race.

Whites --- African Americans --- Racism --- Race awareness --- Negritude --- Race identity --- Race identity. --- Ethnic identity --- United States --- Race relations. --- Race question --- White persons --- Ethnology --- Caucasian race --- White people