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Antisemitism from Muslims has become a serious issue in Western Europe, although not often acknowledged as such. Looking for insights into the views and rationales of young Muslims toward Jews, Günther Jikeli and his colleagues interviewed 117 ordinary Muslim men in London (chiefly of South Asian background), Paris (chiefly North African), and Berlin (chiefly Turkish). The researchers sought information about stereotypes of Jews, arguments used to support hostility toward Jews, the role played by the Middle East conflict and Islamist ideology in perceptions of Jews, the possible sources of antisemitic views, and, by contrast, what would motivate Muslims to actively oppose antisemitism. They also learned how the men perceive discrimination and exclusion as well as their own national identification. This study is rich in qualitative data that will mark a significant step along the path toward a better understanding of contemporary antisemitism in Europe.

Urban youth --- Muslim men --- Muslim youth --- Public opinion --- Jews --- Antisemitism --- City dwellers --- Youth --- City children --- Muslims --- Men --- Islamic youth --- Youth, Muslim --- Opinion, Public --- Perception, Public --- Popular opinion --- Public perception --- Public perceptions --- Judgment --- Social psychology --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Focus groups --- Reputation --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- Anti-Jewish attitudes --- Anti-Semitism --- Ethnic relations --- Prejudices --- Philosemitism --- Attitudes. --- Public opinion. --- History --- Europe, Western --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- Muslim youth. --- Muslim men. --- Urban youth. --- History. --- Europe, Western. --- Antisemitism - Europe, Western - History - 21st century --- Jews - Europe - Public opinion --- Public opinion - Europe, Western --- Muslim youth - Europe, Western - Attitudes --- Muslim men - Europe, Western - Attitudes --- Urban youth - Europe, Western - Attitudes --- Europe, Western - Ethnic relations - History - 21st century --- Attitudes

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«L'Afrique des ténèbres » face à l'Europe des Lumières, la raison grecque et l'émotion nègre, la science contre la magie: durant plusieurs siècles, le monde occidental s'est construit en s'opposant au monde noir. Une bibliothèque coloniale s'est ainsi constituée qui, après avoir longtemps dénié toute pensée aux Noirs de l'Afrique et de sa diaspora, leur a finalement concédé une mentalité primitive et des usages spécifiques de la rationalité.Cet essai retrace l'histoire d'un singulier rapport à l'autre, en insistant sur ses effets réciproques. Car si la relation et la raison coloniales ont pu déterminer certaines idéologies africaines, telles que le panafricanisme, la négritude ou l'afrocentrisme, des Africains et leurs descendants des Antilles ou de l'Amérique ont, en retour, largement contribué à l'histoire intellectuelle et politique de l'Occident. Cette constatation s'avère centrale pour dépasser les héritages de l'histoire coloniale et pour tenter de construire une universalité concrète, postraciale et postcoloniale. C'est à ce devenir que cet essai entend contribuer, en présentant aussi les grands courants et certaines figures majeures de la pensée noire contemporaine.

Primitive societies --- Civilization, Western --- Attitudes --- Africa --- Civilization --- Philosophy --- Intellectual life --- Philosophie --- Civilisation occidentale --- Influence africaine --- Ethnophilosophie --- Études transculturelles --- Négritude --- Africains --- Société primitive --- Africans --- Histoire --- Vie intellectuelle --- Afrique subsaharienne --- Afrique --- Civilisation --- Vie intellectuelle. --- Ethnophilosophie. --- Études transculturelles. --- Société primitive. --- Influence africaine. --- Attitudes. --- Histoire. --- Civilisation. --- Philosophie. --- Primitive societies - Africa --- Civilization, Western - Attitudes --- Africa - Civilization - Philosophy --- Africa - Intellectual life --- Études transculturelles. --- Négritude --- Société primitive.

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The political division of the Roman world into Western and Eastern Roman Empires at the end of the fourth century spurred the divergence of the Latinised Western and the Hellenised Eastern halves. According to a pervasive and deeply ingrained belief in modern academic, educational and popular literature, the ensuing antagonism on religious and cultural grounds between the two parts of medieval Christendom eventually led to the ?schism of 1054.? Less than fifty years after the schism, Greeks and Latins came into closer contact as a result of the crusades and the encounter was catastrophic, leading to the capture and sack of Constantinople in 1204 by the armies of the Fourth Crusade. This study, the first to deal exclusively with Latin perceptions of and attitudes toward the Greeks in terms of religion, aims to revisit and challenge the view that the so-called schism between the Latin and Greek Churches led to the isolation of the Byzantine Empire by the Latin states and eventually to the events of 1204.

Catholics --- Christian heresies --- Attitudes --- History --- Orthodox Eastern Church --- Catholic Church --- Relations --- Doctrines --- Byzantine Empire --- Europe, Western --- Latin Empire, 1204-1261 --- Europe --- Civilization --- Byzantine influences --- Civilization. --- Interfaith relations. --- International relations. --- Theology, Doctrinal. --- Attitudes. --- Middle Ages. --- Byzantine influences. --- Catholic Church. --- Orthodox Eastern Church. --- To 1500. --- Byzantine Empire. --- Europe, Western. --- Europe. --- 273 "11/12" --- 281 <09> --- 261.8 --- 261.8 Oecumenische theologie. Irenisme. Hereniging der Kerken:--algemeen --- Oecumenische theologie. Irenisme. Hereniging der Kerken:--algemeen --- 281 <09> Eglises orientales--Histoire --- 281 <09> Oosters christendom--Geschiedenis --- Eglises orientales--Histoire --- Oosters christendom--Geschiedenis --- 273 "11/12" Heresies et schismes--?"11/12" --- 273 "11/12" Schisma's. Ketterijen--?"11/12" --- Heresies et schismes--?"11/12" --- Schisma's. Ketterijen--?"11/12" --- Christians --- France --- Latin Orient --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- Byzantium (Empire) --- Vizantii︠a︡ --- Bajo Imperio --- Bizancjum --- Byzantinē Autokratoria --- Vyzantinon Kratos --- Vyzantinē Autokratoria --- Impero bizantino --- Bizantia --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Catholics - Europe, Western - Attitudes - History - To 1500 --- Christian heresies - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Byzantine Empire - Relations - Europe, Western --- Europe, Western - Relations - Byzantine Empire --- Latin Empire, 1204-1261 - Civilization --- Europe - Civilization - Byzantine influences