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Employees -- Training of -- United States. --- Occupational training -- United States. --- Public welfare -- United States. --- Welfare recipients -- Employment -- United States.

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L'assistance sociale a connu récemment une transformation majeure : elle est devenue une aide liée, recouvrant de nouvelles formes de réciprocité et de nouveaux espaces de négociation. Le workfare, aux États-Unis, et l'insertion, en France, traduisent cette évolution. L'analyse comparative présentée ici s'appuie sur un cadre théorique qui dégage deux logiques de la réciprocité.

Public welfare --- Welfare recipients --- Social integration --- Aide sociale --- Intégration sociale --- Employment --- Bénéficiaires --- Travail --- France --- United States --- Etats-Unis --- Social policy --- Politique sociale --- Exclusion sociale --- Service social --- Sécurité économique --- Études comparatives --- États-Unis --- Intégration sociale --- Bénéficiaires --- Études comparatives. --- Exclusion sociale. --- Sécurité économique. --- Welfare recipients - Employment - United States --- Welfare recipients - Employment - France --- United States - Social policy --- France - Social policy

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Examines the effects of the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) program on work activity participation rates of welfare recipients, welfare caseloads, and outcomes for welfare leavers. While the CalWORKs reforms appear to have been responsible for some of the uniform improvement in outcomes shown by the analysis, the robust economy and other policy changes were probably also important.

California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (Program). --- Public welfare--California. --- Welfare recipients--Employment--California. --- Welfare recipients --- Public welfare --- Social Welfare & Social Work - General --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Employment --- California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (Program) --- CalWORKS

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Responding to new funding, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors adopted a Long-Term Family Self-Sufficiency (LTFSS) plan in November 1999. This work summarizes the plan, and describes outcomes and indicators used to measure progress.

Public welfare. --- Public welfare - California - Los Angeles County. --- Welfare recipients. --- Welfare recipients - Employment - California - Los Angeles County. --- Welfare recipients --- Public welfare --- Employment --- Long-Term Family Self-Sufficiency Plan (Los Angeles County, Calif.) --- California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (Program)

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Since the 1990s and the 2000s, Western social protection systems have experienced a turn towards activation. This turn consists of the multiplication of measures aimed at bringing those who are unemployed closer to participation in the labour market. These measures often induce a strengthening of the conditions that must be met in order to receive social benefits. It is in this well known context that the authors gathered in this book decided to take a closer look at the relationship between activation policies for the unemployed and the right and the duty to work. If activation measures are likely to increase transitions towards the labour market, we can also make the assumption that they may, particularly when they are marked with the seal of coercion, hinder or dramatically reduce the right to freely chosen work. In such circumstances, the realisation of the «right to work», which is often stated to be the aim of those who promote activation, tends in practice to be reduced to an increasing pressure being exerted on the unemployed. In this case, isn’t it actually the duty to work that is particularly reinforced ? After an historical and philosophical perspective on the issue, this assumption is confronted with the developments observed in the United States and in France, and then with the guidelines laid down in international human rights instruments. What follows is a discussion of two alternatives to the dominant activation model : the basic income guarantee and the employment guarantee

Labour market --- Social law. Labour law --- Labor market --- Unemployed --- Labor policy --- Right to labor --- Marché du travail --- Chômeurs --- Travail --- Droit au travail --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Droit --- Politique gouvernementale --- Welfare recipients --- Employment --- Government policy --- Marché de l'emploi --- Chômage --- Politique du travail --- Services aux --- Politique publique --- Marché du travail --- Chômeurs --- Labor --- Congresses --- Services for --- Marché du travail. --- Politique du travail. --- Droit au travail. --- Services aux. --- Politique publique. --- Welfare recipients - Employment --- Unemployed - Government policy --- France --- Etats-Unis