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This paper shows that during the 1990s, and before the 1998-2000 border war with Eritrea, the gender gap in education in Eritrea has widened on the national level, and large regional disparities have persisted. The gender gap appears to be linked to lower female teacher participation and limited employment opportunities. The widening of the gender gap is likely to have a long-term negative impact on both economic growth and poverty reduction.

Labor --- Women''s Studies' --- Gender Studies --- Labor Discrimination --- Education: Government Policy --- Welfare and Poverty: Other --- Education: General --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Health: General --- Education --- Gender studies --- women & girls --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Labour --- income economics --- Health economics --- Women --- Gender inequality --- Human capital --- Gender --- Health --- Sex discrimination --- Economic theory --- Eritrea, The State of --- Income economics --- Women & girls --- Women's Studies

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In this study we introduce and apply a set of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques to analyze multi-dimensional fragility-related data. Our analysis of the fragility data collected by the OECD for its States of Fragility index showed that the use of such techniques could provide further insights into the non-linear relationships and diverse drivers of state fragility, highlighting the importance of a nuanced and context-specific approach to understanding and addressing this multi-aspect issue. We also applied the methodology used in this paper to South Sudan, one of the most fragile countries in the world to analyze the dynamics behind the different aspects of fragility over time. The results could be used to improve the Fund’s country engagement strategy (CES) and efforts at the country.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning --- Artificial intelligence --- Computational Techniques --- Computer Programs: Other --- Currency crises --- Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology --- Demographic Economics: General --- Demography --- Diffusion Processes --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Economics --- Economics: General --- Environmental Economics --- Environmental economics --- Environmental Economics: General --- Environmental sciences --- Globalization: Economic Development --- Health, Education and Training, Welfare, and Poverty --- Informal sector --- Intelligence (AI) & Semantics --- International Conflicts --- Machine learning --- Macroeconomics --- Negotiations --- Population & demography --- Population and demographics --- Population --- Sanctions --- Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Technology --- Welfare and Poverty: Other