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50 years ago, World Bank President Robert McNamara promised to end poverty. Alleviation was to rely on economic growth, resulting in higher incomes stimulated by Bank loans processed by deskbound Washington staff, trickling down to the poorest.  Instead, child poverty and homelessness are on the increase everywhere. In this book, anthropologist and former World Bank Advisor Glynn Cochrane argues that instead of Washington’s “management by seclusion,” poverty alleviation requires personal engagement with the poorest by helpers with hands-on local and cultural skills. Here, the author argues, the insights provided by anthropological fieldwork have a crucial role to play.

Economic assistance --- Poverty --- World Bank --- bank culture. --- bank lies. --- bank reputations. --- bank responsibilities. --- big banks. --- business and economics. --- capitalism. --- class warfare. --- money. --- poverty culture. --- poverty. --- rich vs poor. --- too big to fail. --- understanding banks. --- wealth disparity. --- wealth inequality. --- world banks.

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Few ideas in the past century have had wider financial, political, and governmental impact than that of economic growth. The common belief that endless economic growth, as measured by Gross Domestic Product, is not only possible but actually essential for the flourishing of civilization remains a powerful policy goal and aspiration for many. In The Mismeasure of Progress, Stephen J. Macekura exposes a historical road not taken, illuminating the stories of the activists, intellectuals, and other leaders who long argued that GDP growth was not all it was cracked up to be. Beginning with the rise of the growth paradigm in the 1940s and 1950s and continuing through the present day, The Mismeasure of Progress is the first book on the myriad thinkers who argued against growth and the conventional way progress had been measured and defined. For growth critics, questioning the meaning and measurement of growth was a necessary first step to creating a more just, equal, and sustainable world. These critics argued that focusing on growth alone would not resolve social, political, and environmental problems, and they put forth alternate methods for defining and measuring human progress. ​In today’s global political scene—marked by vast inequalities of power and wealth and made even more fraught by a global climate emergency—the ideas presented by these earlier critics of growth resonate more loudly than ever. Economic growth appealed to many political leaders because it allowed them to avoid addressing political trade-offs and class conflict. It sustained the fiction that humans are somehow separate from nonhuman “nature,” ignoring the intimate and dense connections between the two. In order to create a truly just and equitable society, Macekura argues, we need a clear understanding of our collective needs beyond growth and more holistic definitions of progress that transcend economic metrics like GDP.

Economic development --- Economic indicators --- Evaluation --- Methodology --- History --- economic growth, finance, economics, progress, gdp, power, wealth, inequality, inequity, class, conflict, economy, needs, nonfiction, politics, policy, decolonization, colonialism, poverties, climate change, global warming, innovation, development, environmentalism, environment, destruction, nature, habitat, globalization, macroeconomics, business, gnp, league of nations, developing countries, conservation, resource management, natural resources, energy.

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Why did Donald Trump follow Barack Obama into the White House? Why is America so polarized? And how does American exceptionalism explain these social changes? In this provocative book, Mugambi Jouet describes why Americans are far more divided than other Westerners over basic issues, including wealth inequality, health care, climate change, evolution, gender roles, abortion, gay rights, sex, gun control, mass incarceration, the death penalty, torture, human rights, and war. Raised in Paris by a French mother and Kenyan father, Jouet then lived in the Bible Belt, Manhattan, and beyond. Drawing inspiration from Alexis de Tocqueville, he wields his multicultural sensibility to parse how the intense polarization of U.S. conservatives and liberals has become a key dimension of American exceptionalism-an idea widely misunderstood as American superiority. While exceptionalism once was a source of strength, it may now spell decline, as unique features of U.S. history, politics, law, culture, religion, and race relations foster grave conflicts. They also shed light on the intriguing ideological evolution of American conservatism, which long predated Trumpism. Anti-intellectualism, conspiracy-mongering, a visceral suspicion of government, and Christian fundamentalism are far more common in America than the rest of the Western world-Europe, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Exceptional America dissects the American soul, in all of its peculiar, clashing, and striking manifestations.

Exceptionalism --- National characteristics, American. --- United States --- Social policy. --- Economic policy. --- Politics and government --- abortion. --- american exceptionalism. --- anti intellectualism. --- capital punishment. --- christian fundamentalism. --- climate change. --- conservatives. --- conspiracies. --- criminal justice. --- death penalty. --- evolution. --- gay rights. --- gender roles. --- global warming. --- government. --- gun control. --- health care. --- human rights. --- lgbtq. --- liberals. --- mass incarceration. --- nonfiction. --- polarization. --- political divide. --- political science. --- politics. --- presidents. --- prison reform. --- public policy. --- reproductive rights. --- social issues. --- torture. --- trust in government. --- war. --- wealth inequality.

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Production and consumption activities have determined a weakness of the sustainable real estate economy. The main problems are the subordination of public decision making, which is subjected to pressure from big companies; inefficient appraisal procedures; excessive use of financial leverage in investment projects; the atypical nature of markets; income positions in urban transformations; and the financialization of real estate markets, with widespread negative effects. A delicate role in these complex problems is assigned to real estate appraisal activities, called to make value judgments on real estate goods and investment projects, the prices of which are often formed in atypical real estate markets, giving ever greater importance to sustainable development and transformation issues. This Special Issue is dedicated to developing and disseminating knowledge and innovations related to most recent real estate evaluation methodologies applied in the fields of architecture and civil, building, environmental, and territorial engineering. Suitable works include studies on econometric models, sustainable building management, building costs, risk management and real estate appraisal, mass appraisal methods applied to real estate properties, urban and land economics, transport economics, the application of economics and financial techniques to real estate markets, the economic valuation of real estate investment projects, the economic effects of building transformations or projects on the environment, and sustainable real estate.

Information technology industries --- big data --- decision-making --- feasibility study --- fuzzy theory --- high-rise building --- mixed-use development --- urban tree canopy (UTC) --- hedonic price model --- two-stage spatial model --- multi-level mixed model --- varying effect --- customer gender --- women --- tenure choice --- sustainable housing --- housing market --- mass appraisal techniques --- evaluation model --- hedonic price method --- geographically weighted regression --- evolutionary polynomial regression --- market value --- smart building --- smart energy system --- renewable energy resources --- energy storage --- reserve power system --- investor motives --- investment profitability --- smart readiness indicator --- discounted cash flow analysis --- natural landscape --- views --- visual perception --- housing price --- quantile regression --- marginal impact --- wealth inequality --- growth management --- sustainable development --- transit-oriented development --- contingent valuation method --- retirement --- housing downsizing --- housing consumption --- housing tenure choice --- consumption --- housing wealth effect --- financial wealth effect --- multi-step causality --- ESG --- real estate companies --- ratings --- sustainability --- energy efficiency --- sustainable decision-making --- sustainable social housing management --- multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) --- AHP --- WASPAS --- COPRAS --- social cohesion --- uncertainty --- U.S. housing markets --- local projection method --- impulse response functions --- n/a

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Before the twentieth century, personal debt resided on the fringes of the American economy, the province of small-time criminals and struggling merchants. By the end of the century, however, the most profitable corporations and banks in the country lent money to millions of American debtors. How did this happen? The first book to follow the history of personal debt in modern America, Debtor Nation traces the evolution of debt over the course of the twentieth century, following its transformation from fringe to mainstream--thanks to federal policy, financial innovation, and retail competition. How did banks begin making personal loans to consumers during the Great Depression? Why did the government invent mortgage-backed securities? Why was all consumer credit, not just mortgages, tax deductible until 1986? Who invented the credit card? Examining the intersection of government and business in everyday life, Louis Hyman takes the reader behind the scenes of the institutions that made modern lending possible: the halls of Congress, the boardrooms of multinationals, and the back rooms of loan sharks. America's newfound indebtedness resulted not from a culture in decline, but from changes in the larger structure of American capitalism that were created, in part, by the choices of the powerful--choices that made lending money to facilitate consumption more profitable than lending to invest in expanded production. From the origins of car financing to the creation of subprime lending, Debtor Nation presents a nuanced history of consumer credit practices in the United States and shows how little loans became big business.

Consumer credit --- Debt --- Loans, Personal --- Crédit à la consommation --- Dettes --- Prêts personnels --- History --- Histoire --- United States --- Etats-Unis --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- 20th century --- Loans [Personal ] --- Consumentenkrediet --- Schulden --- Economie en handel --- Verenigde Staten --- Geschiedenis. --- 1900-1999. --- Consumer loans --- Loans, Consumer --- Loans, Small --- Personal loans --- Small loans --- Loans --- Indebtedness --- Finance --- Consumer debt --- Credit --- American banks. --- American capitalism. --- American consumers. --- American economy. --- Federal Housing Administration. --- Federal Reserve. --- National City Bank. --- New Deal housing policy. --- Regulation W. --- Roosevelt administration. --- Title I loan program. --- borrowing. --- business loans. --- capitalism. --- commercial banks. --- commercial loans. --- consumer credit. --- consumer debt. --- consumer lending. --- consumption. --- credit access. --- credit activists. --- credit card investments. --- credit card. --- credit cards. --- credit institutions. --- credit rating. --- credit system. --- credit use. --- credit. --- debt. --- debtors. --- entrepreneurial innovation. --- federal policy. --- financial institutions. --- governmental policy. --- home equity loans. --- industrial economy. --- installment credit. --- investment capital. --- legal lending. --- legalized personal loans. --- lending. --- material prosperity. --- modern America. --- modern credit system. --- modern debt. --- money lending. --- mortgages. --- national mortgage markets. --- personal debt. --- personal lending. --- personal loan departments. --- personal loans. --- postwar United States. --- postwar prosperity. --- regulation. --- residential housing. --- revolving credit. --- social status. --- wealth inequality.