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  This thesis reports on the use of scanning tunnelling microscopy to elucidate the atomic-scale electronic structure of a charge density wave, revealing that it has a d-symmetry form factor, hitherto unobserved in nature. It then details the development of an entirely new class of scanned probe: the scanning Josephson tunnelling microscope. This scans the Josephson junction formed between a cuprate superconducting microscope tip and the surface of a cuprate sample, thereby imaging the superfluid density of the sample with nanometer resolution. This novel method is used to establish the existence of a spatially modulated superconducting condensate, something postulated theoretically over half a century ago but never previously observed.

Charge density waves. --- Physics. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Waves, Charge density --- Free electron theory of metals --- Waves --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Qualitative --- Materials --- Analytical chemistry

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Modern Charge-Density Analysis focuses on state-of-the-art methods and applications of electron-density analysis. It is a field traditionally associated with understanding chemical bonding and the electrostatic properties of matter. Recently, it has also been related to predictions of properties and responses of materials (having an organic, inorganic or hybrid nature as in modern materials and bio-science, and used for functional devices or biomaterials). The first part of the book includes theoretical and methodological chapters which provide a wide ranging and up-to-date overview of the physics behind charge-density distribution and the most advanced methods to model and interpret it (from theory or experiment). In the second part, applications in several fields are presented ranging from Biomacromolecules to Energetic Materials. The effects of external stress (e.g. produced by temperature, pressure or photo-excitation) and the resultant electron-density response are analyzed. Implications for chemistry, biology and material science are described with an outlook on future developments. The ever-growing impact of charge-density analysis on modern fields of research including supramolecular chemistry, crystal engineering, complex magnetic materials, molecular reactivity and recognition is strongly featured. Modern Charge-Density Analysis is inherently multidisciplinary and written for chemists, physicists, crystallographers, material scientists, and biochemists alike. It serves as a useful tool for scientists already working in the field by providing them with a unified view of the multifaceted charge-density world. Additionally, this volume facilitates the understanding of scientists and PhD students planning to enter the field by acquainting them with the most significant and promising developments in this arena.

Combustion -- Congresses. --- Explosives -- Congresses. --- Thermodynamics -- Congresses. --- Electron distribution --- Crystallography --- Chemistry --- Physics --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Materials Science --- Charge density waves. --- Waves, Charge density --- Chemistry. --- Inorganic chemistry. --- Organic chemistry. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Crystallography. --- Materials science. --- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. --- Materials Science, general. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Inorganic Chemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Free electron theory of metals --- Waves --- Materials. --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Chemistry, inorganic. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Physical sciences --- Inorganic chemistry --- Inorganic compounds --- Organic chemistry --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Leptology --- Mineralogy --- Materials --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Material science