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Prepared by the Task Committee on Development of Prestandards for Concentrate Management Case Studies of the Desalination and Water Reuse Committee of the Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE. Concentrate Management in Desalination: Case Studies reviews the state-of-the-practice for managing concentrate streams resulting from desalination processes. Concentrate management and disposal in desalination pose environmental and cost concerns—and often determine whether a desalination project is viable, especially for inland communities. This report examines many facets of concentrate management in desalination, including process design and configuration, regulatory setting, environmental issues, and economic evaluation of projects. Twelve case studies are offered to demonstrate different techniques for disposing of concentrates associated with the following types of projects: zero liquid discharge (ZLD) and near-ZLD disposal discharge to oceans and bays deep-well injection, land application, and evaporation ponds and discharge to sanitary sewers or surface waters. Environmental engineers and managers responsible for the design, operation, research, and evaluation of regional desalination and water reuse facilities will find a wealth of practical information in this report.

Saline water conversion --- Civil engineering. --- Case studies --- Desalination --- Stormwater management --- Wastewater management --- Resource management --- Waste management --- Water discharge --- Water resources --- By-products. --- Case studies --- Desalination --- Stormwater management --- Wastewater management --- Resource management --- Waste management --- Water discharge --- Water resources

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'The introduction of invasive marine species into new environments, whether by ships’ ballast water, attached to ships’ hulls or via other means has been identified as one of the four main threats to the world’s oceans, along with land-based sources of marine pollution, over-exploitation of living marine resources and the physical alteration or destruction of marine habitat. Increased trade and the consequent greater volumes of maritime traffic over the last few decades have served to fuel the problem. The effects in many areas of the world have been serious and significant. Quantitative data show that the rate of bio-invasions is continuing to increase, in some cases exponentially, and new areas are being found to be invaded all the time. As volumes of seaborne trade continue overall to increase, the problem may not yet have reached its peak. In response, IMO first adopted Guidelines for Preventing the Introduction of Unwanted Organisms and Pathogens from Ships' Ballast Water and Sediment Discharges in 1991; while the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, recognized the issue as a major international concern. The IMO Guidelines have since been kept constantly under review and updated. Subsequently, in February 2004, the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments was adopted. In providing a broad overview of the legal aspects related to marine pollution caused by ballast water and tank sediments, this book offers a pragmatic analysis of the current international legal system, and includes principles of international customary law and also references to a comprehensive environmental treaty law framework which relates the Ballast Water Convention to other treaties, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), MARPOL and the Convention on Biological Diversity. With such a wide-ranging approach, this book will certainly provide a source of valuable information for all those with a requirement to pursue the subject in depth.' From the Foreword by Efthimios E. Mitropoulos

Discharge of ballast water --- Marine pollution --- Nonindigenous aquatic pests --- Ballast water --- Ballast water discharge --- Ballast water treatment facilities --- Environmental law --- Aquatic pests --- Nonindigenous pests --- Environmental aspects. --- Law and legislation. --- Discharge --- Control

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This book addresses several issues on water security and governance, helping readers to understand how the desire for water-secure basins can be accomplished through an interplay of water security, water resources management and water policies. The book contains a collection of 12 papers addressing specific as well as interlinked topics within the Special Issue scope. The editors are grateful to all contributors who made the book a reality.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- hydroelectric power --- physicochemical parameters --- Iberian Bio-monitoring Working Party index --- riparian forest quality --- riverbank erosion --- restoration --- bank stabilisation --- vegetation revetment --- Bangladesh --- climate resilience --- flood protection --- machine learning --- socio-environmental impacts --- environmental monitoring --- water quality --- surface water --- groundwater --- drinking water --- water quality management --- TMDL --- E. coli --- water reuse --- water availability --- governance --- oasis irrigation district --- stability evaluation --- suitable scale --- irrigation management --- rice --- percolation --- scale effects --- hydrologic cycle --- water security --- precipitation --- drought --- flood --- transport planning --- research gap --- water strategy --- Azraq Basin --- water management --- water governance --- integrated river basin management --- good governance --- flow --- water discharge --- land use --- land change --- SWAT model --- n/a

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This book addresses several issues on water security and governance, helping readers to understand how the desire for water-secure basins can be accomplished through an interplay of water security, water resources management and water policies. The book contains a collection of 12 papers addressing specific as well as interlinked topics within the Special Issue scope. The editors are grateful to all contributors who made the book a reality.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- hydroelectric power --- physicochemical parameters --- Iberian Bio-monitoring Working Party index --- riparian forest quality --- riverbank erosion --- restoration --- bank stabilisation --- vegetation revetment --- Bangladesh --- climate resilience --- flood protection --- machine learning --- socio-environmental impacts --- environmental monitoring --- water quality --- surface water --- groundwater --- drinking water --- water quality management --- TMDL --- E. coli --- water reuse --- water availability --- governance --- oasis irrigation district --- stability evaluation --- suitable scale --- irrigation management --- rice --- percolation --- scale effects --- hydrologic cycle --- water security --- precipitation --- drought --- flood --- transport planning --- research gap --- water strategy --- Azraq Basin --- water management --- water governance --- integrated river basin management --- good governance --- flow --- water discharge --- land use --- land change --- SWAT model --- hydroelectric power --- physicochemical parameters --- Iberian Bio-monitoring Working Party index --- riparian forest quality --- riverbank erosion --- restoration --- bank stabilisation --- vegetation revetment --- Bangladesh --- climate resilience --- flood protection --- machine learning --- socio-environmental impacts --- environmental monitoring --- water quality --- surface water --- groundwater --- drinking water --- water quality management --- TMDL --- E. coli --- water reuse --- water availability --- governance --- oasis irrigation district --- stability evaluation --- suitable scale --- irrigation management --- rice --- percolation --- scale effects --- hydrologic cycle --- water security --- precipitation --- drought --- flood --- transport planning --- research gap --- water strategy --- Azraq Basin --- water management --- water governance --- integrated river basin management --- good governance --- flow --- water discharge --- land use --- land change --- SWAT model

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The immediate goal of this Special Issue was the characterization of land uses and occupations (LULC) in watersheds and the assessment of impacts caused by anthropogenic activities. The goal was immediate because the ultimate purpose was to help bring disturbed watersheds to a better condition or a utopian sustainable status. The steps followed to attain this objective included publishing studies on the understanding of factors and variables that control hydrology and water quality changes in response to human activities. Following this first step, the Special Issue selected work that described adaption measures capable of improving the watershed condition (water availability and quality), namely LULC conversions (e.g., monocultures into agro-forestry systems). Concerning the LULC measures, however, efficacy was questioned unless supported by public programs that force consumers to participate in concomitant costs, because conversions may be viewed as an environmental service.

flood vulnerability --- land use conflicts --- water management --- soil conservation --- spatial multi-criteria analysis --- geographic information system --- water pollution --- riparian forest --- environmental Law --- anthropogenic catchment --- watershed management --- land use policy --- changes in hydrological components --- effects of human activities --- LUCC --- WRUBAP --- Yiluo River --- SWAT --- water balance components --- Land Use and Land Cover changes --- wildfires --- afforestation --- n/a --- riparian buffer width --- landscape composition --- regression model --- interaction term --- Brazilian Forest Code --- farmland abandonment --- LULC changes --- climate change --- runoff/suspended sediment changes --- river morphology dynamics --- Italian Apennines --- water quality --- landscape metrics --- PLS-SEM --- scale --- season --- distance from pollution sources --- script files --- mean diurnal profile --- wavelet coherence --- groundwater recharge --- water resources management --- Conservative Use Potential --- river basin --- water balance --- lakes --- reservoirs --- Nenjiang watershed --- Landsat --- diurnal thermal profile --- urban tributaries --- wavelet --- covariance --- flow --- water discharge ecosystem services --- payments for environmental services --- land use