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SEDAPAR S.A. (Servicio de Aqua Potable y Alcantarillado de Arequipa) is one of the public service enterprises in Peru. It is a limited liability company owned by 8 provincial municipalities and 26 district municipalities in Arequipa Department. It provides water and sanitation services to the metropolitan area of Arequipa and a large part of the department. SEDAPAR serves over 1.1 million inhabitants through 280,000 connections. Coverage ratios are over 94 percent for water and over 80 percent for sanitation services. SEDAPAR is the second-largest utility in Peru in terms of population served-after Sedapal in Lima-and is the largest in terms of coverage area. Arequipa Department, at a size of 63,345 square kilometers (k).

Wastewater --- Wastewater Treatment --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Treatment and Quality

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A set of case studies was prepared as part of the World Bank's Water Global Practice initiative "Wastewater: from waste to resource" to document existing experiences in the water sector on the topic. The case studies highlight innovative financing and contractual arrangements, innovative regulations and legislation and innovative project designs that promote integrated planning, resource recovery and that enhance the financial and environmental sustainability of wastewater treatment plants. This case study documents Santiago, Chile.

Biofuel --- Wastewater Treatment --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Treatment and Quality

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This is a background paper for "Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis." (Report No. 140973)This review examines determinants of poor water quality and natural and anthropomorphic factors determining water quality. It also discusses various water quality parameter measurement tools that can be applied in situ or remotely to assess water quality easily so measurements can be used to evaluate the economic impact of poor water quality. The correlation of water quality indicators to determinants (natural or anthropogenic) is also summarized based on the abundance of literature supporting the relationship. In doing so, this paper takes a thematic approach and applied the following search phrases to the literature review: "determinants of (parameter) in surface water," "drivers of (parameter) in surface water," and "remote sensing techniques to estimate (parameter)".

Environment --- Hydrology --- Water Conservation --- Water Resources --- Water Resources Management --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Treatment and Quality

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Water stress has become a problem in most Indian cities, as rapid population growth increases simultaneously water demand by households, industries, and power plants. Utilities need to meet this growing demand while ensuring fair tariffs for users and promoting a sustainable use of water resources. As federal and state governments look for innovative alternatives to freshwater, the reuse of treated wastewater is gaining attention and being promoted at the federal and state levels. In addition to the environmental, health, and social benefits of treating wastewater; treated wastewater can become a reliable water source for industrial users, freeing up freshwater resources for households and helping address water scarcity in big cities. The government of India has taken steps to promote wastewater reuse, starting with the regulation of industrial water consumption and the setting and enforcement of mandatory water reuse targets for industries. The national target is to treat and reuse 50 percent of total wastewater by 2022 (PwC 2016). Some cities have set their own, more ambitious targets, and states such as Gujarat (Government of Gujarat, 2018) and Maharashtra (IndianExpress, 2017) have implemented new policies to promote wastewater reuse. Moreover, the government of India has adopted policies, established strong mechanisms of regulation, and provided funding for various programs, such as the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), to enable municipal authorities to enter into public-private partnership (PPP) arrangements to attract private funding. As a result, municipalities across the country have started to implement wastewater reuse projects. Most of these initiatives are led by utilities, through partnerships with the private sector, and with the central government covering part of the capital costs. The success of these projects reveals that wastewater reuse activities can be viable if properly structured and supported by enabling policies and institutions.

Power Sector --- Thermal Power --- Wastewater --- Wastewater Treatment --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions --- Water Treatment and Quality

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Vision 2045 aims to significantly transform Indonesia with the target of becoming one of the world's top five economies by the time it reaches its centenary in 2045. But is this achievable without considering Indonesia's Water Security? This study reflects on this question in detail, highlights potential challenges and quantifies the impact of water related threats - if left unaddressed - on GDP and overall socio-economic development. It further suggests targeted actions to move toward water security and shows windows of opportunities for sector reform underpinned by the ongoing revisions of the legal and regulatory framework following the promulgation of the 2019 Water Law and 2020 Omnibus Law.

Irrigation --- Wastewater Treatment --- Water Resource Management --- Water Security --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation Economics --- Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions --- Water Treatment and Quality