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alternative water sources --- sanitation --- water infrastructure --- water cycle --- water sensitive cities --- water catchment management --- Hydrology --- Water --- Hydrologie --- Eau --- Hydrology. --- Research --- Recherche --- Research. --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography

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Inadequate infrastructure impedes the productivity of manufacturing firms, with negative consequences for the wider economy. This study examines how water infrastructure copes with severe weather fluctuations and analyzes the effect of unreliable water supplies on the productivity of manufacturing firms, focusing predominately on firms in developing economies. This is achieved using firm-level data from World Bank Enterprise Surveys covering more than 16,000 manufacturing firms in a cross-section of 103 countries between 2009 and 2015. The study finds that periods of significantly low rainfall lead to higher water outages, and that the overall impact is driven by the effects of drought on low-income and lower-middle-income economies, with upper-middle-income and high-income economies benefitting from more resilient water infrastructure. Furthermore, the study finds that incidents of water outages lead to lower firm productivity for firms in less developed economies. For the average firm located in a low-income or lower-middle-income economy, one additional water outage incident per day in a typical month can lead to losses of approximately 8.2 percent of annual sales. This finding calls for increased policy focus on water infrastructure services, particularly in poorer countries where water infrastructure and firms seem to be particularly vulnerable to the vagaries of rainfall.

Business cycles and stabilization policies --- Common carriers industry --- Construction industry --- Drought --- Energy --- Energy policies and economics --- Environment --- Firm --- Firm productivity --- Firm-level analysis --- Food and beverage industry --- General manufacturing --- Hydrology --- Industry --- Macroeconomics and economic growth --- Natural disasters --- Plastics and rubber industry --- Pulp and paper industry --- Rainfall --- Textiles apparel and leather industry --- Water infrastructure --- Water resources --- Water supply and sanitation --- Water supply and systems

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water --- water management --- climate --- environment --- water infrastructure --- central asia --- Water-supply --- Water quality --- Freshwater --- Freshwater quality --- Marine water quality --- Quality of water --- Seawater --- Seawater quality --- Water --- Environmental quality --- Availability, Water --- Water availability --- Water resources --- Natural resources --- Public utilities --- Water resources development --- Water utilities --- Quality --- Composition --- Water quality. --- Water-supply. --- Central Asia. --- Eurasia. --- Asia --- Europe --- Asia, Central --- Soviet Central Asia --- Tūrān --- Turkestan --- West Turkestan

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This paper reviews various applications of cooperative game theory (CGT) to issues of water resources. With an increase in the competition over various water resources, the incidents of disputes have been in the center of allocation agreements. The paper reviews the cases of various water uses, such as multi-objective water projects, irrigation, groundwater, hydropower, urban water supply, wastewater, and transboundary water disputes. In addition to providing examples of cooperative solutions to allocation problems, the conclusion from this review suggests that cooperation over scarce water resources is possible under a variety of physical conditions and institutional arrangements. In particular, the various approaches for cost sharing and for allocation of physical water infrastructure and flow can serve as a basis for stable and efficient agreement, such that long-term investments in water projects are profitable and sustainable. The latter point is especially important, given recent developments in water policy in various countries and regional institutions such as the European Union (Water Framework Directive), calling for full cost recovery of investments and operation and maintenance in water projects. The CGT approaches discussed and demonstrated in this paper can provide a solid basis for finding possible and stable cost-sharing arrangements.

Cost Recovery --- Cost Sharing --- Economic Theory and Research --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Industry --- Law and Development --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Marginal Cost --- Municipalities --- Public Works --- Sanitation and Sewerage --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Urban Water --- Urban Water Supply --- Wastewater Treatment --- Water --- Water and Industry --- Water Conservation --- Water Consumption --- Water Infrastructure --- Water Law --- Water Policy --- Water Projects --- Water Resource --- Water Resources --- Water Rights --- Water Sector --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions --- Water Supply and Systems --- Water Supply Facilities --- Water Supply System --- Water Supply Systems

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This republished Special Issue highlights recent and emergent concepts and approaches to water governance that re-centers the political in relation to water-related decision making, use, and management. To do so at once is to focus on diverse ontologies, meanings and values of water, and related contestations regarding its use, or its importance for livelihoods, identity, or place-making. Building on insights from science and technology studies, feminist, and postcolonial approaches, we engage broadly with the ways that water-related decision making is often depoliticized and evacuated of political content or meaning—and to what effect. Key themes that emerged from the contributions include the politics of water infrastructure and insecurity; participatory politics and multi-scalar governance dynamics; politics related to emergent technologies of water (bottled or packaged water, and water desalination); and Indigenous water governance.

orientation knowledge --- WEF Nexus --- Latin America --- water politics --- water rights --- political ecology --- Chile --- national interest --- Africa --- depoliticization --- social control --- Central Asia --- Belo Monte --- nibi (water) --- Canada --- planning --- Indigenous water governance --- scale politics --- UNDRIP --- spatio-temporal --- women --- participation --- participatory development --- FPIC --- remunicipalization --- governmentalities --- integrated water resource management (IWRM) --- colonization --- drinking water --- power --- free --- community-based research --- environmental flows --- Two-Eyed Seeing --- Indigenous water --- water security --- water management --- water colonialism --- hydropower --- groundwater --- packaged drinking water (PDW) --- repoliticization --- Jakarta --- Indigenous knowledge --- Tajikistan --- governance --- settler colonialism --- decision-making processes --- informality --- first nations --- Water Users’ Associations --- irrigation --- OECD --- giikendaaswin --- Brazil --- UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Lesotho --- environmental justice --- hydrosocial --- Colombia --- law --- Cochabamba --- kitchen gardens --- desalination --- mining --- water --- environmental assessment --- First Nations --- water quality --- Anishinabek --- urban India --- urban water infrastructure --- re-theorizing --- politics --- bottled water --- Egypt --- urban water --- Bolivia --- dams --- Yukon --- decentralization --- narrative ethics --- water justice --- water insecurity --- political ontology --- religious difference --- energy policy --- international development --- water ethics --- Cairo --- infrastructure --- legal geography --- practices of mediation --- water governance --- risk --- Indonesia --- prior and informed consent --- PES