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How do civil servants in district water and sanitation departments address problems of water access in rural communities in Tanzania? What are the bureaucratic procedures they follow? How do the bureaucratic procedures around formulating budgets, managing money, and interacting with communities impede or enhance their ability to manage water projects? This report addresses these and related questions by examining the social, economic, and political contexts in which Tanzanian civil servants in the water sector work. This research focuses on civil servants employed by water and sanitation departments in district offices, where infrastructure projects are initiated and managed by engineers and technicians in coordination with the private sector and community organizations. Using qualitative research from two of these water and sanitation departments, this report shows that the institutional and bureaucratic contexts in which civil servants work redirect their attention away from maintaining existing infrastructure and towards building new water projects. The focus on new projects corresponds to their efforts to answer the objectives of higher levels of government. Improving water access depends on the shared efforts of civil servants and community groups to maintain existing projects. Civil servants' focus on new projects therefore poses a problem to ensuring that they work community organizations and maintain existing water projects.

Bureaucracy --- Civil Servants --- Stakeholder Engagement --- Water And Sanitation

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Using data from the International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities, this paper on the water sector in pourashavas (municipalities) in Bangladesh provides an analysis of the trends in the water sector development over 2010-16. The main purpose of the paper is to examine the average performance of the water sector providers in the pourashavas to encourage conversation on identifying and addressing deficiencies in service performance in comparison with that in the rest of Bangladesh and the world. This analysis finds that although pourashavas perform on the lower end of the spectrum compared with the rest of Bangladesh on many indicators, the top 20 percent of the pourashavas are globally competitive on indicators of staff productivity, cost coverage, and daily per capita consumption of water.

Public Utilities --- Service Delivery --- Urban Water and Sanitation --- Urban Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation Economics --- Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions --- Water Utilities

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With a population of 16 million, Karachi is the largest megacity in Pakistan. Despite being a large city that is home to many, it has seen a substantial decline in quality of life and economic competitiveness in recent decades. Basic service delivery is very poor, with very low indicators for water supply, sanitation, public transport and public spaces. Pollution levels are high, and the city is vulnerable to disasters and climate change. A highly complex political economy, institutional fragmentation, land contestation, crime and security issues and social exclusion exacerbate these issues and make city management challenging.The Karachi City Diagnostic and Transformation Strategy attempts to present detailed data on the economy, livability and key urban services of the city, by identifying and quantifying the requirements to bridge the services gap in the city. It also proposes pathways towards the transformation of Karachi into a more livable, inclusive and economically competitive city by outlining policy actions that the city can undertake.The first part of the report provides an in-depth review of Karachi and is organized into three themes focused on key aspects of city management: (i) city growth and prosperity discussing city economy, competitiveness, business environment and poverty; (ii) city livability discussing urban and spatial planning, urban governance and municipal service delivery (water and sanitation, public transport and solid waste); and (iii) sustainability and inclusiveness discussing the city's long term resilience based on fiscal management, disaster resilience and climate change, and social inclusion. In each section, a diagnostic is provided on the issues, along with possible prioritized actions to resolve them.The second part of the report concludes by identifying four pillars for city transformation. These include: (i) building inclusive, coordinated and accountable institutions; (ii) greening Karachi for sustainability and resilience; (iii) leveraging on the city's economic, social and environmental assets; and (iv) creating a smart city through smart policies and technology.

Competitive Cities --- Inclusiveness --- Livability --- Municipal Services --- Private Sector Financing --- Public Spaces --- Sustainability --- Urban Planning --- Urban Resilience --- Urban Transport --- Water And Sanitation --- Karachi (Pakistan) --- History.

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Living with water brings together sociologists, geographers, artists, writers and poets to explore the ways in which water binds, immerses and supports us. Drawing from international research on river crossings, boat dwelling, wild swimming, sea fishing, and draught impacts, and navigating urban waters, glacial lagoons, barrier reefs and disappearing tarns, the collection illuminates the ways that we live with and without water, and explores how we can think and write with water on land. Water offers a way of attending to emerging and enduring social and ecological concerns and making sense of them in lively and creative ways. By approaching Living with water from different disciplinary and methodological perspectives, and drawing on research from around the world, this collection opens up discussions that reinvigorate and renew previously landlocked debates. This book is relevant to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6, Clean water and sanitation.

Hydrology --- Water --- Social aspects. --- Clean water and sanitation. --- anthropocene. --- bodies of water. --- cities. --- ecologies. --- ethnography. --- everyday life. --- poetics. --- swimming. --- water cultures. --- water histories.

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Sound infrastructure is critical for growth in East Africa. During 1995-2005, improvements in infrastructure boosted growth by one percentage point per year, due largely to wider access to information and communication technologies (ICTs). Although power infrastructure sapped growth in other regions of Africa, it contributed 0.2 percentage points per year growth in East Africa. If East Africa's infrastructure could be improved to the level of the strongest performing country in Africa (Mauritius), regional growth performance would be boosted by some six percentage points, with power making the strongest contribution. East Africa's infrastructure ranks behind that of southern and western Africa across a range of indicators, though in terms of access to improved sources of water and sanitation and Internet density, it is comparable with or superior to the subcontinent's leader, southern Africa. By contrast, density of fixed-line telephones, power generation capacity, and access to electricity remain extremely low, though utility performance is improving through regional power trades. The road network is relatively good, although with some lengths of poor-quality or unpaved roads. Surface transport is challenged by border crossings, port delays, slow travel, limited railways, and trade logistics, but the region has a relatively mature and competitive trucking industry. Air transport benefits from a strong hub-and-spoke structure but has made little progress toward market liberalization. Of the seven countries in the region, four are landlocked, two have populations of fewer than 10 million people, and two have an annual gross domestic product of less than USD 10 billion. The difficult economic geography of East Africa makes a regional approach to infrastructure development necessary to achieve further improvement.

Airports and Air Services --- Common Carriers Industry --- Information and communication technologies --- Infrastructure boosted growth --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Internet density --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Road network --- Transport and Trade Logistics --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning --- Water and sanitation